Grammar year 1

Grammar year 1

Welcome!

This Wikiwijs is designed to help you prepare for your grammar test. Below, you will find detailed explanations, examples, and exercises for each topic, including answers and step-by-step instructions. Good luck!

Present simple

1A. Present Simple

Explanation:

The present simple is used to describe habits, routines, facts, and general truths.

  • Structure:

    • Affirmative: Subject + base verb (add -s for he/she/it).

    • Negative: Subject + do/does not + base verb.

    • Question: Do/Does + subject + base verb?

  • Examples:

    • Affirmative: I play football every weekend. / She likes chocolate.

    • Negative: They do not work on Sundays. / He does not like coffee.

    • Question: Do you play football? / Does she like chocolate?

 

Exercises:

  1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:

    • He ______ (to live) in Amsterdam.

      • Answer: He lives in Amsterdam.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (he).

          2. Use the base verb "live."

          3. Add -s for the third person singular.

    • We ______ (to go) to school by bus.

      • Answer: We go to school by bus.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (we).

          2. Use the base verb "go." No -s is added for plural subjects.

    • She ______ (to play) tennis every Monday.

      • Answer: She plays tennis every Monday.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (she).

          2. Use the base verb "play."

          3. Add -s for the third person singular.

  2. Rewrite these sentences as negatives:

    • They speak English.

      • Answer: They do not speak English.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Add "do not" before the base verb.

          2. Use the base form "speak."

    • He watches TV in the evening.

      • Answer: He does not watch TV in the evening.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Add "does not" for third person singular.

          2. Use the base verb "watch" (no -s after "does").

  3. Write 5 sentences about your daily routine using the present simple.

    • Example Answers:

      1. I wake up at 7 a.m.

      2. She drinks coffee every morning.

      3. We go to school by bike.

      4. He reads the newspaper.

      5. They work in an office.

  4. Create questions for these answers:

    • Yes, I like apples.

      • Answer: Do you like apples?

    • No, he doesn’t study Spanish.

      • Answer: Does he study Spanish?

1C. Present Simple

Uitleg:

De "present simple" wordt gebruikt om gewoontes, routines, feiten en algemene waarheden te beschrijven.

  • Structuur:

    • Affirmative: Onderwerp + stam van het werkwoord (voeg -s toe bij he/she/it).

    • Negative: Onderwerp + do/does not + stam van het werkwoord.

    • Question: Do/Does + onderwerp + stam van het werkwoord?

  • Voorbeelden:

    • Affirmative: I play football every weekend. / She likes chocolate.

    • Negative: They do not work on Sundays. / He does not like coffee.

    • Question: Do you play football? / Does she like chocolate?

Oefeningen:

  1. Vul de juiste vorm van het werkwoord in:

    • He ____ (to live) in Amsterdam.

      • Antwoord: He lives in Amsterdam.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (he).

          2. Gebruik de stam van het werkwoord "live."

          3. Voeg -s toe voor de derde persoon enkelvoud.

    • We ____ (to go) to school by bus.

      • Antwoord: We go to school by bus.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (we).

          2. Gebruik de stam van het werkwoord "go." Geen -s toevoegen voor meervoudige onderwerpen.

    • She ____ (to play) tennis every Monday.

      • Antwoord: She plays tennis every Monday.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (she).

          2. Gebruik de stam van het werkwoord "play."

          3. Voeg -s toe voor de derde persoon enkelvoud.

  2. Schrijf de volgende zinnen in de negatieve vorm:

    • They speak English.

      • Antwoord: They do not speak English.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "do not" toe vóór het werkwoord.

          2. Gebruik de stamvorm "speak."

    • He watches TV in the evening.

      • Antwoord: He does not watch TV in the evening.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "does not" toe voor de derde persoon enkelvoud.

          2. Gebruik de stamvorm "watch" (geen -s na "does").

  3. Schrijf 5 zinnen over jouw dagelijkse routine met de present simple.

    • Voorbeeldantwoorden:

      1. I wake up at 7 a.m.

      2. She drinks coffee every morning.

      3. We go to school by bike.

      4. He reads the newspaper.

      5. They work in an office.

  4. Maak vragen voor de volgende antwoorden:

    • Yes, I like apples.

      • Antwoord: Do you like apples?

    • No, he doesn’t study Spanish.

      • Antwoord: Does he study Spanish?

 

Present continuous

2A. Present Continuous

Explanation:

The present continuous is used to describe actions happening now, temporary situations, or planned future activities.

  • Structure:

    • Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing.

    • Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb + -ing.

    • Question: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?

  • Examples:

    • Affirmative: I am reading a book. / They are watching TV.

    • Negative: She is not cooking dinner. / We are not playing outside.

    • Question: Are you listening to music? / Is he studying?

Exercises:

  1. Fill in the blanks:

    • I ______ (to work) on my project right now.

      • Answer: I am working on my project right now.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (I).

          2. Use "am" with the subject "I."

          3. Add "working" (base verb + -ing).

    • They ______ (to play) football in the park.

      • Answer: They are playing football in the park.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (they).

          2. Use "are" with plural subjects.

          3. Add "playing" (base verb + -ing).

  2. Rewrite the sentences in the negative form:

    • She is singing a song.

      • Answer: She is not singing a song.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Add "not" after "is."

          2. Keep the verb "singing" unchanged.

    • We are eating dinner.

      • Answer: We are not eating dinner.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Add "not" after "are."

          2. Keep the verb "eating" unchanged.

  3. Write 5 sentences about what is happening in your classroom right now.

    • Example Answers:

      1. The teacher is explaining grammar.

      2. Students are writing notes.

      3. Someone is asking a question.

      4. A group is working on a project.

      5. I am listening carefully.

  4. Create questions for these answers:

    • Yes, I am writing a letter.

      • Answer: Are you writing a letter?

    • No, they are not swimming.

      • Answer: Are they swimming?

2C. Present Continuous

Uitleg:

De "present continuous" wordt gebruikt om acties te beschrijven die op dit moment plaatsvinden, tijdelijke situaties, of geplande activiteiten in de nabije toekomst.

  • Structuur:

    • Affirmative: Onderwerp + am/is/are + werkwoord + -ing.

    • Negative: Onderwerp + am/is/are + not + werkwoord + -ing.

    • Question: Am/Is/Are + onderwerp + werkwoord + -ing?

  • Voorbeelden:

    • Affirmative: I am reading a book. / They are watching TV.

    • Negative: She is not cooking dinner. / We are not playing outside.

    • Question: Are you listening to music? / Is he studying?

Oefeningen:

  1. Vul de juiste vorm van het werkwoord in:

    • I ____ (to work) on my project right now.

      • Antwoord: I am working on my project right now.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (I).

          2. Gebruik "am" bij het onderwerp "I."

          3. Voeg "working" toe (stam werkwoord + -ing).

    • They ____ (to play) football in the park.

      • Antwoord: They are playing football in the park.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (they).

          2. Gebruik "are" bij meervoudige onderwerpen.

          3. Voeg "playing" toe (stam werkwoord + -ing).

  2. Schrijf de volgende zinnen in de negatieve vorm:

    • She is singing a song.

      • Antwoord: She is not singing a song.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "not" toe na "is."

          2. Houd het werkwoord "singing" ongewijzigd.

    • We are eating dinner.

      • Antwoord: We are not eating dinner.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "not" toe na "are."

          2. Houd het werkwoord "eating" ongewijzigd.

  3. Schrijf 5 zinnen over wat er nu gebeurt in je klaslokaal.

    • Voorbeeldantwoorden:

      1. The teacher is explaining grammar.

      2. Students are writing notes.

      3. Someone is asking a question.

      4. A group is working on a project.

      5. I am listening carefully.

  4. Maak vragen voor de volgende antwoorden:

    • Yes, I am writing a letter.

      • Antwoord: Are you writing a letter?

    • No, they are not swimming.

      • Antwoord: Are they swimming?

Present perfect

3A. Present Perfect

Explanation:

The present perfect is used to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time or started in the past and continue to the present.

  • Structure:

    • Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participle.

    • Negative: Subject + have/has not + past participle.

    • Question: Have/Has + subject + past participle?

  • Examples:

    • Affirmative: I have visited London. / She has eaten sushi.

    • Negative: They have not seen the movie. / He has not done his homework.

    • Question: Have you been to Paris? / Has she finished her work?

Exercises:

  1. Fill in the blanks:

    • I _____ (to see) that movie before.

      • Answer: I have seen that movie before.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (I).

          2. Use "have" with "I."

          3. Add the past participle "seen."

    • She _____ (to finish) her homework.

      • Answer: She has finished her homework.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (she).

          2. Use ''has'' with ''she''.

          3. Add the past participle ''finished".

 

3C. Present Perfect

Uitleg:

De "present perfect" wordt gebruikt om acties te beschrijven die in het verleden zijn begonnen en nog steeds doorgaan of die recent zijn afgerond.

  • Structuur:

    • Affirmative: Onderwerp + have/has + voltooid deelwoord (past participle).

    • Negative: Onderwerp + have/has not + voltooid deelwoord.

    • Question: Have/Has + onderwerp + voltooid deelwoord?

  • Voorbeelden:

    • Affirmative: I have visited London. / She has eaten sushi.

    • Negative: They have not seen the movie. / He has not done his homework.

    • Question: Have you been to Paris? / Has she finished her work?

Oefeningen:

  1. Vul de juiste vorm van het werkwoord in:

    • I ……… (to see) that movie before.

      • Antwoord: I have seen that movie before.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (I).

          2. Gebruik "have" met het onderwerp "I."

          3. Voeg de past participle "seen" toe.

    • She ……… (to finish) her homework.

      • Antwoord: She has finished her homework.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Bepaal het onderwerp (she).

          2. Gebruik "has" voor derde persoon enkelvoud.

          3. Voeg de past participle "finished" toe.

  2. Schrijf de volgende zinnen in de negatieve vorm:

    • We have eaten lunch.

      • Antwoord: We have not eaten lunch.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "not" toe na "have."

          2. Houd de past participle "eaten" ongewijzigd.

    • He has written a letter.

      • Antwoord: He has not written a letter.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "not" toe na "has."

          2. Houd de past participle "written" ongewijzigd.

  3. Maak vragen voor de volgende antwoorden:

    • Yes, I have studied for the test.

      • Antwoord: Have you studied for the test?

    • No, she hasn’t finished her work.

      • Antwoord: Has she finished her work?

 

Past simple

4A. Past Simple

Explanation:

The past simple is used to describe completed actions in the past.

  • Structure:

    • Affirmative: Subject + verb + -ed (or irregular form).

    • Negative: Subject + did not + base verb.

    • Question: Did + subject + base verb?

  • Examples:

    • Affirmative: I visited Paris last year. / She ate an apple.

    • Negative: They did not watch the movie. / He did not go to school.

    • Question: Did you see the movie? / Did she finish her homework?

Exercises:

  1. Complete the sentences:

    • Yesterday, we ______ (to watch) a movie.

      • Answer: Yesterday, we watched a movie.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the subject (we).

          2. Add "-ed" to the base verb "watch" (regular verb).

    • He ______ (to write) a letter.

      • Answer: He wrote a letter.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Recognize "write" as an irregular verb.

          2. Use the irregular past form "wrote."

    • They ______ (to go) to the park last Sunday.

      • Answer: They went to the park last Sunday.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Recognize "go" as an irregular verb.

          2. Use the irregular past form "went."

4C. Past simple

Uitleg:

De "past simple" wordt gebruikt om afgeronde acties in het verleden te beschrijven.

  • Structuur:

    • Affirmative: Onderwerp + werkwoord + -ed (of onregelmatige vorm).

    • Negative: Onderwerp + did not + stam van het werkwoord.

    • Question: Did + onderwerp + stam van het werkwoord?

  • Voorbeelden:

    • Affirmative: I visited Paris last year. / She ate an apple.

    • Negative: They did not watch the movie. / He did not go to school.

    • Question: Did you see the movie? / Did she finish her homework?

Oefeningen:

  1. Vul de juiste vorm van het werkwoord in:

    • Yesterday, we ……… (to watch) a movie.

      • Antwoord: Yesterday, we watched a movie.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Gebruik de stam van het werkwoord "watch."

          2. Voeg "-ed" toe omdat het een regelmatig werkwoord is.

    • He ……… (to write) a letter.

      • Antwoord: He wrote a letter.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Herken "write" als een onregelmatig werkwoord.

          2. Gebruik de onregelmatige verleden tijd "wrote."

  2. Schrijf de volgende zinnen in de negatieve vorm:

    • She cooked dinner.

      • Antwoord: She did not cook dinner.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "did not" toe vóór het werkwoord.

          2. Gebruik de stamvorm "cook" (geen -ed na "did not").

    • They saw the movie.

      • Antwoord: They did not see the movie.

        • Stap-voor-stap:

          1. Voeg "did not" toe vóór het werkwoord.

          2. Gebruik de stamvorm "see."

  3. Maak vragen voor de volgende antwoorden:

    • Yes, I watched TV.

      • Antwoord: Did you watch TV?

    • No, she didn’t go to school.

      • Antwoord: Did she go to school?

 

Articles

5. Articles (a, an, the)

Explanation:

Articles are words used before nouns to define them as specific or unspecific.

  • Indefinite Articles: "a" and "an" (used for non-specific items):

    • Use "a" before words that start with a consonant sound (a cat, a house).

    • Use "an" before words that start with a vowel sound (an apple, an hour).

  • Definite Article: "the" (used for specific items):

    • Use "the" when the noun is known or has been mentioned before.

Examples:

  • I saw a bird in the park. (any bird, not specific)

  • The bird was singing beautifully. (a specific bird already mentioned)

  • She is reading an interesting book.

Exercises:

  1. Fill in the blanks with "a," "an," or "the":

    • She bought ___ umbrella.

      • Answer: She bought an umbrella.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. The word "umbrella" starts with a vowel sound.

          2. Use "an."

    • There is ___ apple on the table.

      • Answer: There is an apple on the table.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. The word "apple" starts with a vowel sound.

          2. Use "an."

    • I saw ___ movie yesterday.

      • Answer: I saw a movie yesterday.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Movie" starts with a consonant sound.

          2. Use "a."

    • Did you like ___ cake?

      • Answer: Did you like the cake?

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Cake" refers to something specific (already known).

          2. Use "the."

  2. Write 5 sentences using each article at least once:

    • Example Answers:

      1. I saw a dog in the park.

      2. She has an idea for the project.

      3. We went to the cinema yesterday.

      4. He bought a car last week.

      5. Can you pass me the salt?

Comparatives & superlatives

6. Comparatives and Superlatives

Explanation:

  • Comparatives are used to compare two things. Add "-er" to short adjectives or use "more" for longer adjectives.

    • Examples: taller, bigger, more interesting.

  • Superlatives are used to show the highest degree. Add "-est" to short adjectives or use "most" for longer adjectives.

    • Examples: tallest, biggest, most interesting.

Rules:

  • Adjectives with 1 syllable:

    • Comparative: Add "-er" (small → smaller).

    • Superlative: Add "-est" (small → smallest).

  • Adjectives with 2+ syllables:

    • Comparative: Use "more" (beautiful → more beautiful).

    • Superlative: Use "most" (beautiful → most beautiful).

  • Irregular forms:

    • Good → better → best

    • Bad → worse → worst

    • Far → farther → farthest

Exercises:

  1. Complete the sentences:

    • My car is ___ (fast) than yours.

      • Answer: My car is faster than yours.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Fast" is a short adjective.

          2. Add "-er" to make it comparative.

    • This is the ___ (good) cake I have ever eaten.

      • Answer: This is the best cake I have ever eaten.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Good" is irregular.

          2. Use "best" for the superlative form.

    • She is ___ (beautiful) than her sister.

      • Answer: She is more beautiful than her sister.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Beautiful" is a long adjective.

          2. Use "more" to make it comparative.

  2. Write 3 sentences using comparatives and 3 sentences using superlatives:

    • Example Answers:

      1. Comparative: My house is bigger than yours.

      2. Comparative: This book is more interesting than that one.

      3. Comparative: She is happier today than yesterday.

      4. Superlative: This is the tallest building in the city.

      5. Superlative: He is the most talented singer in the group.

      6. Superlative: That was the worst movie I have ever seen.

Countable & uncountable

7. Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Explanation:

  • Countable nouns can be counted (e.g., apples, books, cars).

  • Uncountable nouns cannot be counted and often refer to substances or abstract ideas (e.g., water, information, happiness).

Rules:

  • Use "a" or "an" with singular countable nouns.

  • Use "some" or "any" with plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns.

  • Use "many" for countable nouns and "much" for uncountable nouns.

Examples:

  • Countable: I have two apples.

  • Uncountable: There is some water in the glass.

Exercises:

  1. Identify the noun as countable (C) or uncountable (U):

    • Milk → ___

      • Answer: Milk → Uncountable (U)

    • Chairs → ___

      • Answer: Chairs → Countable (C)

  2. Fill in the blanks with "much," "many," "some," or "any":

    • There isn’t ___ milk in the fridge.

      • Answer: There isn’t much milk in the fridge.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Milk" is uncountable.

          2. Use "much" for uncountable nouns in negative sentences.

    • I need ___ apples for the pie.

      • Answer: I need some apples for the pie.

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Apples" is countable.

          2. Use "some" in affirmative sentences.

    • Are there ___ chairs in the room?

      • Answer: Are there any chairs in the room?

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. "Chairs" is countable.

          2. Use "any" in questions.

  3. Write 5 sentences using both countable and uncountable nouns:

    • Example Answers:

      1. I bought some bread and two apples.

      2. There isn’t much sugar left.

      3. Do you have any pens?

      4. We need many chairs for the event.

      5. She has some information about the meeting.

Plurals

8. Plurals

Explanation:

Plurals indicate more than one of a noun.

  • Rules:

    • Add "-s" to most nouns: "book → books."

    • Add "-es" to nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh: "box → boxes."

    • Change "y" to "i" and add "-es" if preceded by a consonant: "baby → babies."

    • Irregular plurals: "man → men," "child → children."

Exercises:

  1. Write the plural form of these nouns:

    • Apple → _____

      • Answer: Apples

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the noun "apple."

          2. Add "-s" as it is a regular plural.

    • Box → _____

      • Answer: Boxes

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the noun "box," ending in "x."

          2. Add "-es" as per the rule.

    • Baby → _____

      • Answer: Babies

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Identify the noun "baby," ending in "y" after a consonant.

          2. Change "y" to "i" and add "-es."

    • Child → _____

      • Answer: Children

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Recognize "child" as an irregular noun.

          2. Use its irregular plural form "children."

  2. Correct the mistakes in these plural forms:

    • Sheeps → _____

      • Answer: Sheep

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Recognize "sheep" as an irregular noun.

          2. Note that its singular and plural forms are the same.

    • Mouses → _____

      • Answer: Mice

        • Step-by-Step:

          1. Recognize "mouse" as an irregular noun.

          2. Use its irregular plural form "mice."

 

Onregelmatige meervoudsvormen

9. Irregular plurals

These are the irregular verbs you should learn

 

Child Children
Man Men
Woman Women
Goose Geese
Louse Lice
Mouse Mice
Ox Oxen
Foot Feet
Tooth Teeth

 

 

 

 

 

Days & Months

Days & Months 

Always begin days of the week and months with a capital letter.

 

Days  Months 
Monday January
Tuesday February
Wednesday March
Thursday April
Friday May
Saturday June
Sunday July
  August
  September
  October
  November
  December

 

Telling time

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    Auteur
    Fatma Doğu Sueiro Je moet eerst inloggen om feedback aan de auteur te kunnen geven.
    Laatst gewijzigd
    2025-01-08 17:52:22
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