English HV/V3 - Unit 3 'Money'

English HV/V3 - Unit 3 'Money'

Unit

START

Startscherm VO content

READING

Basisstof

Reading exercises

 

 Extra oefeningen

 

Money makes us worry

 

In pairs, find the correct words. Whoever finishes them first, wins!

 

1.

studies on the gspohlcoyy of money

2.

a third of us coalnytnst worry about money

3.

feel tyguil when spending money

4.

go shopping to make mtheevesls feel better

5.

Women are more gusereon with their money

6.

more likely to fuefrs from money problems

Paragraph 2

7.

stores are yoncntllaui looking at new ways

8.

always by the uchotcek

9.

everyday slintsaese like bread and milk

10.

the frueepm and jewellery sections

11.

bad for our efnncsia

12.

three times more likely to go rtpbkuan


 

Oefening: Put the text back together

Start

 

Verdieping

 

LISTENING

Basisstof

 

 

 Extra oefeningen

 

 

Verdieping

 

Carpool Karaoke OD

Carpool Karaoke JB

SPEAKING

Basisstof

 

 

 Extra oefeningen

 

 

Verdieping

 

WRITING

Basisstof

 

 

 Extra oefeningen

 

 

Verdieping

 

GRAMMAR

Basisstof

 

 

 Extra oefeningen

 

List of exercises

Adverb or adjective

Comparison of adjectives with as ... as

Comparative or superlative of adjectives

 

Verdieping

 

VOCABULARY

Basisstof

 

WRTS

Alle theorie van dit thema op een rij

Grammar

Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden/ Bijwoorden

Bnw: zegt iets over een ZN

Bijw: zegt iets over een WW (of ander Bnw of Bijwoord)

 

Bijv. nw blijven hetzelfde (beautiful, nice etc.) --> He is a nice man.

Bijwoorden veranderen (+ly) --> He sings beautifully.

 

Uitzonderingen: 

Als het eindigt op -ic: +ally (fantastically)

Als het eindigt op y: y wordt i +ly (happily)

Als het eindigt op -le: le wordt ly (terribly)

 

Na de woorden to appear, become, feel, get, go, keep, turn, look, like, smell, sound en taste komt ALTIJD een bijvoeglijk naamwoord.

Adjectives and adverbs

What are adjectives?
Adjectives are words that tell us something about a noun, pronoun, impression or situation.

What do adjectives modify?
Adjectives can modify nouns or pronouns/names.

 

person thing
Mandy is a careful girl This is a nice car
Mandy is careful The car is nice
She is careful It is nice

 

 

Where do adjectives go?
An adjective can be put before the noun. Then it is an attribute.

person thing
Mandy is a careful girl

This is a nice car

An adjective can be put after the verb to be (is).
Then it is part of the predicate.

person thing
The girl is careful This car is nice

 

Adjectives can also put after the following verbs:
to + appear, become, feel, get, go, keep, turn, look, like, smell, sound, taste and other verbs of experience.

Examples:
- The steak smells fantastic
- She turned red
- He got excited
- It tastes awful

What are adverbs?
Adverbs tell us in what way someone does something.
Adverbs can modify verbs (here: drive), adjectives or other adverbs.

adjective adverb
Mandy is a careful girl Mandy drives carefully
She is very careful She drives carefully

 

Explanation:
Mandy is a careful driver.
This sentence is about Mandy, the driver, so use the adjective.

Mandy drives carefully.
This sentence is about her way of driving, so use the adverb.

Form of the adverb: adjective + -ly

adjective adverb
dangerous dangerously
careful carefully
nice nicely
horrible horribly
easy easily
electronic

electronically

 

Adverbs formed from adjectives ending -y, pronounced like Dutch 'ie'
If the adjective ends in -y, change the final -y to -i. Then add -ly:
happy - happily
but:
shy – shyly (the 'y' in 'shy' does not sound like Dutch 'ie'.)

Adverbs formed from adjectives ending in -le
If the adjective ends in -le, drop the -e, and replace it with -y:
terrible – terribly

Adverbs formed from adjectives ending in -e
If the adjective ends in -e, then add -ly:
safe - safely

Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs:
- adjectives, ending in -ly: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly
- nouns, ending in -ly: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy
- verbs, ending in -ly: apply, rely, supply

There is no separate adverb for an adjective already ending in -ly.

Irregular forms
There are some irregular forms, where the adverb has a stem that differs from the adjective. Other irregular forms show no difference between the adjective and the adverb.

adjective adverb
good well
fast fast
hard hard

 

Comparatives of adjectives

Comparative is the name for the grammar used when comparing two things.

The two basic ways to compare are using as ... as or than. She's twice as old as her sister.
I'm almost as good in maths as in science.
Russian is not quite as difficult as Chinese.

It's much colder today than it was yesterday.
This grammar topic is easier than most others.
I find science more difficult than mathematics.

Comparisons with as ... as versus comparisons with than:
When comparing with as ... as, the adjective does not change.
When comparing with than, however, some changes are necessary.

Comparing with than depends on the number of syllables the adjective has:

Adjectives of one syllable:
1. syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective

My sister is much taller than me.
It's colder today than it was yesterday.

Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is usually doubled in the comparative.
big - bigger, fat - fatter, hot - hotter

Adjectives of two syllables ending in -y:
2. syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -ier

She's looking happier today.
This grammar topic is easier than the last one.
Why is everyone else luckier than me?                
 

Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs.
2-syllable adverbs ending in -y must be compared with the word more.

I drive more quickly (quicklier) than my brother.

Other adjectives with two syllables:
Other 2-syllable adjectives: use more with the unchanged adjective

The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas.
Is there anything more boring than reading about grammar?
My sister is more careful with her writing than I am with mine.

Exceptions to this rule
The comparative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with -er.
- simple - simpler
- clever - cleverer
- narrow - narrower

To be sure which comparative method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.

Adjectives with three syllables or more:
Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more with the unchanged adjective

Russian grammar is more difficult than English grammar.
My sister is much more intelligent than me.
I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science lessons.

Formal forms of the pronouns after comparisons:
Many educated English speakers prefer to use the Subject form of Pronouns plus a verb rather than the Object form without a Verb in comparative sentences, especially in formal situations.
They say, for example, My sister is taller than I am.
The alternative, omitting the verb as in the following examples, is considered to be even more formal and is avoided by most British English speakers: My sister is taller than I.

 

Superlatives of adjectives

In the superlative you talk about one thing only and how it is the best, worst, etc.
You do not compare two things. The following guidelines apply to the superlative:

Adjectives with one syllable:
1-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective (plus the)

My sister is the tallest in our family.
Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far.

Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is usually doubled in the superlative.
big - biggest, fat - fattest, hot - hottest

Adjectives of two syllables ending in -y:
2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -iest (plus the)

The richest people are not always the happiest.
Which do you think is the easiest language to learn?
She's the luckiest person I know.

Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs.
2-syllable adverbs ending in -y form their superlative with the words the most.

Of all the people I know my father drives the most quickly (quickliest).

Other adjectives with two syllables:
Other 2-syllable adjectives: use the most with the unchanged adjective

The most boring thing about ESL class is doing grammar exercises.
My sister is the most careful person I know.

Exceptions
The superlative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with -est.
- simple - simplest
- clever - cleverest
- narrow - narrowest

To be sure which comparative method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.

Adjectives of three syllables or more:
Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the most with the unchanged adjective

Some people think that Russian is the most difficult language.
Albert Einstein was the most intelligent person in history.
My most enjoyable class is English.

Irregular forms
Following are two common irregular comparative/superlative forms:

good - better - the best
bad - worse - the worst

 

Comparatives and superlatives of adverbs

The following guidelines apply to the comparative/superlative of most adverbs:

Adverbs of one syllable:
- 1. Syllable adverbs: add -er/-est

I can run faster than you. / I can run the fastest in my class.
She works harder than me. / She works the hardest of all students.

- 2. Other adverbs: use more / the most

She ran more quickly than me. / Of all the students she ran the most quickly.

Informal forms of adverbs
In informal English it is common to hear the adjectival comparative/superlative form of two-syllable adverbs. For example with quickly:

She ran quicker than me.
She ran the quickest. (instead of more quickly – the most quickly)

Formal forms of of the pronouns with comparisons
Many educated English speakers prefer to use the subject form of Pronouns plus a verb rather than the object form without a verb in comparative sentences, especially in formal situations.
They say, for example: She ran more quickly than I did.
The alternative, omitting the verb as in the following examples, is considered to be even more formal and is avoided by most British English speakers: She ran more quickly than I.

 

Vocabulary

Vocabulary Reading 1 – Money makes us worry

 

 

1

een van de grootste onderzoeken ooit

one of the biggest ever studies

2

een van de belangrijkste uitkomsten

one of the biggest findings

3

onderzoekers

researchers

4

zich zorgen maken over geld uitgeven

worry about spending money

5

zich schuldig voelen

feel guilty

6

om zich beter te laten voelen

to make themselves feel better

7

hun geld te sparen

to save their cash

8

guller

more generous

9

leiden aan geldproblemen

to suffer from money problems

10

ons geld uitgeven

spend our money

11

winkels

stores

12

impulsief kopen

buy things on impulse

13

snoep en chocolade

candies and chocolate

14

gangpaden in de supermarkt

ailes

 

 

Vocabulary Reading 2 – A Tale of Two Millionaires

 

 

1

ragged

armoedig(e)

2

generous

royaal, royale, gul

3

injured

gewond geraakt

4

the will

het testament

5

the generosity

de vrijgevigheid

6

kind

aardig

7

spoiled

verwend(e)

8

the stock

het aandeel

9

the bond

de obligatie

10

to inherit

erven

11

the stinginess

de vrekkigheid

12

the stamp

de postzegel

 

 

Vocabulary Reading 3 – The Banker to the Poor

 

 

1

formerly

voorheen

2

former

voormalig(e)

3

the application

de toepassing

4

to extend

uitbreiden, verlengen

5

the extent of

de mate van

6

the extension

de uitbreiding, verlenging

7

the founder

de grondlegger

8

the foundation

de instelling, beweging

9

the development

de ontwikkeling

10

to discover

ontdekken

11

disproportionately

op buitensporig grote manier

12

proportionally

op gepaste manier

13

the usurious loan

de woekerachtige lening

14

to lend

(uit)lenen

15

to loan

(uit)lenen

16

to borrow

lenen van

17

viable

levensvatba(a)r(e)

18

eventually

uiteindelijk

19

to incur

zich op de hals halen

20

to secure

zich verzekeren van

21

to procure

verwerven

22

to ensue

volgen op

23

to issue

uitvaardigen

24

to retain

vasthouden aan

 

 

Vocabulary Reading 4 – Money

 

 

 

1

although

hoewel

2

to expire

verlopen, aflopen

3

the patron

de patroon (persoon) het patroon (regelmaat)

4

the standard

de standaard

5

dates back from

dateert van

6

goods

goederen

7

perishable

vergankelijk(e), bederfelijk

8

therefore

daarom, dientengevolge

9

the coin

het muntstuk, de munt

10

invaluable

onschatba(a)r(e)

11

readily

gemakkelijk

12

valuable

waardevol(le)

13

the currency

de valuta

14

to mint

munt slaan

15

since

aangezien

16

worth

van waarde

 

 

VWO

Vocabulary Reading 5 – Making money

 

 

 

1

een trivialiteit, kleinigheid

a trifling matter

2

het sociaal welbevinden

the social well-being

3

het juiste gebruik van geld

the right use of money

4

de vrijgevigheid

the generosity

5

de voorzienigheid (zorgen voor de toekomst)

the providence

6

de tegenhanger

the counterpart

7

de gierigheid

the avarice

8

het uitgeven

the spending

9

het uitlenen

the lending

10

het lenen (van)

the borrowing

11

voorzien in het onderhoud van

to provide for

12

maatregelen treffen voor de toekomst

to make arrangements for the future

Expressions

Talking about money – Phrasal verbs & Idioms

 

 

Phrasal verbs

pay back

to return money owed to someone

pay off

to finish paying all money that is owed

save up

to keep money for a large expense (=uitgave)

 

  • Use ‘borrow’ when taking money from someone.
  • Use ‘lend’ when giving money to someone.

 

 

 

Idioms we might use when talking about money:

 

Money doesn’t grow on trees

money doesn’t come easily

I’m not made of money

to not have a lot of money

Time is money

time is valuable so do not waste it

Beyond one’s means

more than one can afford

To cost an arm and a leg

to cost a lot of money

Flat broke

to have no money at all

Foot the bill

to pay for something

 

VWO

 

English expression and description

Dutch translation or equivalent

A light purse is a heavy curse: Life is difficult when you don't have much money.

Het leven is niet makkelijk als je geen geld hebt.

Cash cow: A product, business, etc., that generates a continuous flow of money or a high proportion of overall profits is a cash cow.

Een melkkoetje.

Daylight robbery: If you are overcharged or underpaid, it is a daylight robbery; open, unfair and hard to prevent. Rip-off has a similar meaning.

Dat is oplichterij!

Earn a living: To make money. Example: We need to get a good job to earn a decent living.

De kost verdienen.

Golden touch: Someone with a golden touch can make money from or be successful at anything they do.

Hij is als koning Midas (Een koning van Lydië) die van de goden een wens mocht doen. Zijn wens was, dat alles wat hij aanraakte in goud zou veranderen.

Make ends meet: If somebody finds it hard to make ends meet, they have problems living on the money they earn.

De eindjes aan elkaar kunnen knopen.

Money burns a hole in your pocket: If someone has money burning a hole in their pocket, they are eager to spend it, normally in a wasteful manner.

Je hebt een gat in je hand.

Not have two pennies (USA: nickles) to rub together: If someone hasn't got two pennies to rub together, they are very poor indeed.

Geen rooie cent hebben.

Penny pincher: A penny pincher is a mean person or who is very frugal.

een krentenkakker, vrek.

The penny dropped: When the penny drops, someone belatedly understands something that everyone else has long since understood.

Het kwartje is gevallen.

Irregular Verbs (onregelmatige werkwoorden)

Irregular verbs

    Tegenwoordige  Verleden  Voltooid dw   Betekenis

    tijd                    tijd           

-  
to be
 
- was/were -

been

Betekenis:

zijn,worden
  to beat - beat - beaten - slaan
  to become - became - become - worden
  to begin - began - begun - beginnen
5 to bend - bent - bent - buigen
  to bet - bet - bet - wedden
  to bleed - bled - bled - bloeden
  to blow - blew - blown - blazen
  to break - broke - broken - breken
10 to breed - bred - bred - fokken
  to bring - brought - brought - brengen
  to broadcast - broadcast - broadcast - uitzenden
  to build - built - built - bouwen
  to burn - burnt - burnt - (ver)branden
15 to buy - bought - bought - kopen
  to catch - caught - caught - vangen
  to choose - chose - chosen - kiezen
  to come - came - come - komen
  to cost - cost - cost - kosten
20 to cut - cut - cut - snijden; knippen
  to deal (with) - dealt - dealt - omgaan met
  to dig - dug - dug - graven
  to do - did - done - doen
  to draw - drew - drawn - tekenen; trekken
25 to dream - dreamt - dreamt - dromen
  to drink - drank - drunk - drinken
  to drive - drove - driven - rijden (auto)
  to eat - ate - eaten - eten
  to fall - fell - fallen - vallen
30 to feed - fed - fed - voeden; voeren
  to feel - felt - felt - voelen
  to fight - fought - fought - vechten
  to find - found - found - vinden
  to fly - flew - flown - vliegen
35 to forbid - forbade - forbidden - verbieden
  to forget - forgot - forgotten - vergeten
  to forgive - forgave - forgiven - vergeven
  to freeze - froze - frozen - vriezen
  to get - got - got - krijgen
40 to give - gave - given - geven
  to go - went - gone - gaan
  to grow - grew - grown - groeien
  to hang - hung - hung - hangen
  to have - had - had - hebben
45 to hear - heard - heard - horen
  to hide - hid - hidden - verbergen
  to hit - hit - hit - slaan; raken
  to hold - held - held - vasthouden
  to hurt - hurt - hurt - pijn doen
50 to keep - kept - kept - houden; bewaren
  to know - knew - known - weten; kennen
  to lead - led - led - leiden
  to lean - leant - leant - leunen
  to leave - left - left - (ver)laten
55 to lend - lent - lent - lenen aan
  to let - let - let - laten; verhuren
  to lie - lay - lain - liggen
  to lose - lost - lost - verliezen
  to make - made - made – maken
60 to mean - meant - meant - betekenen; bedoelen
  to meet - met - met - ontmoeten
  to pay - paid - paid - betalen
  to put - put - put - zetten; leggen
  to read - read - read - lezen
65 to ride - rode - ridden - rijden (paard/fiets)
  to ring - rang - rung - bellen
  to rise - rose - risen - stijgen; toenemen
  to run - ran - run - rennen
  to say - said - said - zeggen
70 to see - saw - seen - zien
  to sell - sold - sold - verkopen
  to send - sent - sent - (ver)zenden; (ver)sturen
  to set - set - set - zetten; plaatsen; instellen
  to shake - shook - shaken - schudden
75 to shine - shone - shone - schijnen
  to shoot - shot - shot - schieten
  to show - showed - shown - tonen; laten zien
  to shut - shut - shut - dicht doen
  to sing - sang - sung - zingen
80 to sink - sank - sunk - zinken
  to sit - sat - sat - zitten
  to sleep - slept - slept - slapen
  to smell - smelt - smelt - ruiken
  to sow - sew - sown - zaaien
85 to speak - spoke - spoken - spreken
  to spell - spelt - spelt - spellen
  to spend - spent - spent - doorbrengen; uitgeven
  to spill - spilt - spilt - verspillen
  to spit - spit - spit - spugen
90 to split - split - split - splijten
  to spoil - spoilt - spoilt - knoeien; verpesten
  to spring - sprang - sprung - springen
  to stand - stood - stood - staan
  to steal - stole - stolen - stelen
95 to stick - stuck - stuck - plakken
  to sting - stung - stung - steken
  to stink - stank - stunk - stinken
  to strike - struck - struck - (in)slaan
  to swear - swore - sworn - zweren; vloeken
100 to sweep - swept - swept - vegen
  to swim - swam - swum - zwemmen
  to swing - swung - swung - zwaaien; schommelen
  to take - took - taken - nemen
  to teach - taught - taught - onderwijzen
105 to tear - tore - torn - scheuren; trekken
  to tell - told - told - vertellen
  to think - thought - thought - denken
  to throw - threw - thrown - gooien; werpen
  to understand - understood - understood - begrijpen; verstaan
110 to wake (up) - woke - woken - wakker worden
  to wear - wore - worn - dragen (kleding)
  to weep - wept - wept - wenen (huilen)
  to win - won - won - winnen
  to write - wrote - written - schrijven