Open Educational Resources at Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences
Introduction
Purpose of this Wikiwijs:
To increase the basic knowledge about Open Educational Resources of the Collection Specialists, Embedded Librarians and Advisors.
To be used as a reference guide when advising and supporting teaching staff concerning the reuse of Open Educational Resources.
This Wikiwijs will be updated regularly following the developments in the field of Open Educational Resources.
Why are we getting involved?
At the library, we have chosen to use our expertise to support teaching staff in reusing Open Educational Resources. In doing so, we contribute to the improvement and innovation of education and give additional opportunities for Blended Learning.
This is in line with the national and international ambition to make as many digital educational resources freely available as possible: the administrators of universities in the Netherlands, the Association of Universities of Applied Sciences and SURF have signed the Declaration on the National Approach to Digital and Open Educational Resources. In it, Dutch higher education institutions have agreed to work together to create, share, reuse and purchase educational materials.
Click here for more information about this declaration.
Open Educational Resources (OER), in a broad sense, are freely accessible digital materials available for reuse within education. Open Educational Resources are an important part of Open Education.
Open Education is about sharing knowledge, as well as building on already existing knowlegde, with the aim of global participation in Open Educational Practices and free access to high-quality Open Educational Resources. To acchieve this, it aims to remove barriers to collaboration between scientists, educators and others. These include issues such as high costs, outdated and redundant materials and legal regulations. Collaboration is the key word, because sharing knowledge, insights and information on which new knowledge, skills and ideas can be based is the basic characteristic of education.
One feature of Open Educational Resources is that they are freely accessible. Permission for reuse and the conditions for reuse are often laid down in licences.
What kind of Open Educational Resources are there?
There are no restrictions on the format of Open Educational Resources. They can include Open Educational Resources (in the narrow sense), Open Access Publications, Open Data, Weblectures, Open Creative Content, Open Courseware, MOOCs and Open Textbooks.
This chapter contains a definition of these resources.
Examples of these Open Educational Resources can be found at the various sections underneath the Search for Open Educational Resources tab.
Open Educational Resources (narrow definition)
Open Educational Resources, in the narrow sense, are digital educational materials created or edited specifically for education and offered to students and teaching staff for use within teaching and to support the learning process. Examples include:
Assessment- and test materials: quizzes, tests, test questions
Exploration and research materials
Manuals
Open Access Publications
Open Access Publications are online publications, both journals and books, for which there are no financial, legal or technical barriers with regard to access and whose content anyone can read, download, share and print. There are several variants of Open Access Publications that determine the reusability. The most commonly used are Gold Open Access and Green Open Access. Green Open Access publications cannot be reused outright (CC-BY-NC-ND).
Open Data
Open Data are research data. Offering them openly allows researchers to build on previous research.
Open Data is part of Open Science. By Open Science we mean the practice of science in a way that allows others to collaborate, contribute to and make use of the scientific process. It was decided not to use Open Science as an umbrella term, because it suggests that it refers only to scientific information. Moreover, when Open Science is discussed internationally, it often only refers to Open Data.
Weblectures
Weblectures are video recordings of instructions, workshops or lectures. These recordings may be supplemented by presentations, websites or publications.
Open Creative Content
Open Creative content is the collective term for creative works published under a licence that allows for their reuse. These can be, for example, texts, images, sound fragments or video images. These are not copyrighted works, such as film clips or (photos of) sculptures and paintings, but creative works such as a drawing or sound clip that are openly shared by the creator.
Open Courseware
Open Courseware is a complete course consisting of a compiled set of Open Educational Resources, the reuse of which is permitted under conditions via a licence. It contains no guidance and it is not possible to earn credits for it.
MOOCs
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are free online courses for an unlimited number of participants, the reuse of which is allowed conditionally through a licence. Certificates linked to MOOCs are often only available for a fee. With MOOCs there is the possibility of tutoring, but it is not possible to receive credits for them.
Open Textbooks
Open Textbooks are free textbooks available online with an open licence, where the user has the right to adapt the content of their own copy. Open textbooks contain links to other educational resources, videos are often embedded and there are links to interactive elements, such as simulations and animations. This ‘navigability’, the link to external resources, is another major advantage of open textbooks over regular textbooks.
What is the added value of Open Educational Resources?
The added value of reusing Open Educational Resources is:
Knowledge valorisation
Making knowledge publicly accessible so that it can be utilized in education and by society at large
Saving time
Open Educational Resources can provide a good base layer for the development of educational resources (no need to “reinvent the wheel"), saving teaching staff a lot of time
Cost savings
This follows from the time saved in the development of educational resources
Cost reduction for students because fewer textbooks need to be bought
Quality improvement
When sharing Open Educational Resources on a ‘shared’ platform, quality improvement occurs because:
Feedback that has been given can increase the quality of educational resources.
Teaching staff is enabled to learn from the work of others and vice versa.
Cooperation between professionals is made possible.
Exchange of educational resources both within and outside of the institution facilitates cooperation.
Educational innovation
The use of Open Educational Resources can also contribute to educational innovation by giving teaching staff room to inspire one another, learn from one another, collaborate and build on the latest scientific knowledge and social developments. Educational innovation is in fact the attempt to improve education, especially its quality, in a purposeful way, including through new technologies.
Educational differentiation
Open Educational Resources make it possible and easier to differentiate and customise education.
Lifelong learning
Access to Open Educational Resources gives everyone who wants to independently acquire high-quality knowledge the opportunity to do so.
Greater student satisfaction
Broader access to educational resources makes it easier for students to expand their knowledge and prepare for assignments and tests. Students can not only choose which resources to use, but also where and when to do so. The latter is also important for the success of Blended Learning.
Expert profiling / visibility
By sharing Open Educational Resources both nationally and internationally, teaching staff and educational institutions can raise their profile nationally and internationally by showing which educational skills they have and which subject areas they have expertise in.
Searching for Open Educational Resources
This section gives an overview of where to find Open Educational Resources by type. The best resources are collected by the Library’s Collection Specialists and Embedded Librarians. They both advise and support teaching staff and students when it comes to searching for OER.
Flickr is a photo sharing website. When you upload photos, terms of use can be specified. These usage rights can be used to filter your search results.
Using Google images, you can search for CC-licensed images. After entering the search, select "Tools", click on "Usage rights" and set it to "Creative Commons licences". This must be done for each new search!
The Openverse team (formerly CC Search) systematically identifies providers hosting CC-licensed content and makes the high-quality resources findable through CC Search.
Unsplash grants an irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide copyright licence to download, copy, modify, distribute, perform and use photos free of charge, also for commercial purposes, without permission from or attribution to the photographer or Unsplash.
Digital library of the National Library of Spain. Offers free access to thousands of digitised documents, including books printed from the 15th to the 20th century, manuscripts, drawings, etchings, pamphlets, posters, photographs, maps, atlases, music, historical newspapers, magazines as well as audio recordings.
Europeana works with European archives, libraries and museums to share cultural heritage for education and research, among other things. This website offers advanced search and filtering capabilities.
These business cases cover the topics of entrepreneurship, leadership/ethics, operational management, strategy, sustainability and "system dynamics". For stimulating classroom discussions.
EconBiz offers: A literature search in key German and international databases, including the holdings of ZBW; Access to free and licensed full texts on the Internet; A calendar of events for scientific conferences and summer courses; The reference service Research Guide EconDesk that answers your questions on literature search and statistical data.
Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos and a personalised learning dashboard. We cover maths, science, computer science, history, art history, economics, and more.
SUNY OER Services (SOS) offers, among other things, a ready-made course catalogue. Search by title, not by content items. So far 124 courses, mostly American
OpenCourseWare (OCW) : digital publication of high-quality university-level educational materials. These materials are organised as courses, and often include course planning materials and assessment tools, as well as thematic content. OpenCourseWare is free and openly licensed, accessible to all.
English, Dutch
Energy; Environment; Health & Medical Sciences; Infrastructures & Mobility; Sustainability; Water
DANS assists researchers, data professionals, other data archives, research institutions and research funders with questions on data management, certification and topics such as FAIR, open access and software sustainability.
English, Dutch
Social Sciences & Humanities; Archeology; Life, Health & Medical Sciences; Physical and Technical Sciences
(Certified) service offered by DANS. After completion of research, research data can be permanently stored and shared via the online archiving system EASY
4TU.ResearchData is an international data repository for the natural sciences, engineering and design. Services include management, sharing, long-term access and storage of research data.
OpenAIRE is a European project to support Open Science. Among other things, it is a technical infrastructure that collects research data. The goal of OpenAIRE is to establish an open and sustainable communication infrastructure regarding the management, analysis, use, availability, monitoring and linking of research outputs.
Mendeley Data is a cloud-based repository where data can be stored for easy sharing, access and citation. When research data is placed on Mendeley Data, it is given a Digital Object Identifier so that it can be referenced and cited. Elsevier ensures that this data is securely and permanently available through its partnership with Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS).
Registry of Research Data Repositories. "Re3data is a global registry of research data repositories that covers research data repositories from different academic disciplines. It includes repositories that enable permanent storage of and access to data sets to researchers, funding bodies, publishers, and scholarly institutions. re3data promotes a culture of sharing, increased access and better visibility of research data. The registry has gone live in autumn 2012 and has been funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)."
English; Multilingual?
Engineering; Humanities and Social Sciences; Life Sciences; Natural Sciences
Music (excerpts) published under a Creative Commons licence. The music on this site is free to download and sample and the results can be shared with anyone, anywhere, anytime. Some songs may have certain restrictions depending on their specific licences. Each submission is clearly marked with the licence that applies to it.
Free registration is required to download music. Music available under various CC licences. Depending on the licence, the music may be downloaded, reused, edited or shared.
Music free to download and reuse with attribution. With a paid licence, more formats are available and the music may be reused without crediting the creator.
DART-Europe was established in 2005 as a partnership of national and university libraries and consortia to improve global access to European research manuscripts. The DART-Europe E-theses Portal is a searchable database of electronic research theses in European repositories. The theses listed are Open Access.
NARCIS provides access to scientific information including (Open Access) publications from the repositories of all Dutch universities, KNAW, NWO and various scientific institutions.
Contains learning materials, such as knowledge clips, PowerPoint presentations and practice tests. The collections of various subject communities can be searched. Available filters: education level, language, type of learning material, educational institution and subject area.
Wikiwijs is an initiative of the Kennisnet Foundation and is intended for everyone involved in choosing and using educational resources in everyday teaching practice. Wikiwijs consists of two parts:
* Finding teaching materials: Wikiwijs Search can be used to find teaching materials for primary education, secondary education and vocational education, but also for higher education. Most teaching materials are free and free to use in education.
* Creating lesson materials: On Wikiwijs Maken, you can work independently or together with colleagues to create online teaching materials. These teaching materials can easily be shared with others. You can log in with an HR account.
Liberty Fund offers a rich collection of books and online resources on understanding and appreciating the complex nature of a society of free and responsible individuals.
The goal of the Open Library is to make all published works available to everyone in the world. Registration required. Books available via lending system
OpenAIRE is a European project in support of Open Science. It is both a network dedicated to promoting and training about Open Science and a technical infrastructure that collects research data. The goal of OpenAIRE is to establish an open and sustainable communication infrastructure on the management, analysis, use, availability, monitoring and linking of research outputs.
Journals and books from SpringerOpen are made freely and permanently accessible online upon publication. Both journals and books are peer-reviewed and everything is published under a Creative Commons licence.
A repository for education-related video lectures. The lectures have been given by renowned scientists at conferences, summer schools and workshops, among others. The aim is to promote science, exchange ideas and share knowledge with the general public. All lectures and accompanying documents and information have been systematically selected and classified.
Open Educational Resources Metafinder. Mason OER Metafinder performs real-time simultaneous searches across 23 different sources of open learning resources. Mason OER Metafinder searches: American Memory Project (Library of Congress); AMSER - Applied Math and Science Education Repository; BC Campus:Open Ed; Digital Public Library of America; Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB); HathiTrust - Full View Available; JSTOR Open Access Books; Library of Congress (restricted to ‘only available’only); LibreTexts; Merlot.Org; MIT OpenCourseware; New York Public Library Digital Collections; OAOpen.org; OASIS; OER Commons; OER's at Internet Archive; Open Michigan; Open Research Library; Open Textbook Library; OpenStax CNX; Project Gutenberg; Teaching Commons; World Digital Library
Search engine that allows anonymous searching. Images and videos can be filtered by licence
Multilingual
Reusing Open Educational Resources
If you want to reuse Open Educational Resources that you have found, there are several points of focus that require attention:
The conditions for reuse / Creative Commons licences
Quality and applicability
Source references
Embedded Librarians advise and support teaching staff regarding the reuse of existing Open Educational Resources.
Confirmation
Have you found Open Educational Resources you want to reuse? Then the first step is to check what exactly you are allowed to do with the material in question. A material’s licence indicates what is allowed. With regard to the use of Open Educational Resources, reference is often made to David Wiley's 5 Rs:
Retain > Save
Reuse > Reuse identically
Revise > Reuse with modification
Remix > Rearrange and combine with other open resources
Redistribute > Re-share (modified) material
As the 5R Model shows, the manner in which materials may be reused can vary. Therefore, before reusing a specific material, always check its licence, which is usually attached to it. If you do not find a licence, the material cannot be reused without permission. If the material is accessible online, linking is allowed.
Creative Commons licences
Most Open Content has a Creative Commons (CC) licence. These licences aim to facilitate the sharing, copying and editing of a resource. By using a CC licence, copyright can be handled with more flexibility. The material’s creator of can choose from 6 different Creative Commons licences. With these, the creator determines the conditions under which the material may be used and distributed.
Creative Commons licences consist of four building blocks. If you know these building blocks, the meaning of a Creative Commons licence is easy to figure out. The building blocks stand for four different terms of use:
Building block
Explanation
Attribution: BY
You are allowed to copy, share, display, perform, and create materials based on the material, but only with credit to the creator.
Non-commercial: NC
It is permitted to copy, share, display, perform, and create materials based on the material, as long as it is not used for commercial purposes. The material may not be used in commercial education.
Derived Works: ND
It is allowed to copy, share, display and perform the material, while keeping it in its original state. Thus, it is not allowed to use the material as a basis for new materials.
Equal Sharing: SA
You are allowed to copy, share, display, perform, and create materials based on the material. The derivative material must be published under the same licence.
The above building blocks combine to form six Creative Commons licences. Below is a list of the licences in order from least to most restrictive:
Symbol
Explanation
Attribution
Attribution-ShareAlike
Attribution-NonCommercial
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Attribution-NoDerivativeWorks
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
NB You will see the 'BY' section in each licence, which indicates that attribution is a mandatory part of each Creative Commons licence. In addition to the six licences, there are two other Creative Commons labels:
Symbol
Explanation
Public domain dedication (CC0) >
The creator has relinquished the copyright.
Public Domain Mark (PDM) >
There is no copyright on the work, or the copyright has expired.
NB CC0 and PDM indicate that the material is not (no longer) copyright protected. Anyone may therefore reuse, modify and share the material without restrictions.
Assessment
Assess the resource on both quality and applicability (in accordance with the goals and educational format).
Some platforms have a quality label that indicates whether the material meets the required standards of a (subject) community. If a (subject) community has developed a quality model, you can also use it to assess the quality of the material. For more information on quality models, see Sharing Open Educational Resources-Quality Models.
Source reference
Correct source citation is mandatory when reusing materials. The source citation should include the following:
author/creator
publication year and/or visit date
title of the work and/or source
link to the source
Sharing Open Educational Resources
The Advisors advise on and facilitate teaching staff in sharing Open Educational Resources.
The previous section, on Reusing Open Educational Resources, covered several points of focus that require attention if you wish to reuse an Open Educational Resource. When sharing edited, or self-made Open Educational Resources, there are four related aspects you must concern yourself with:
Choice of licence
Choice of platform
Quality conditions
Quality models
Choice of licence
For the re-sharing of Open Educational Resources, or the sharing of self-made materials, the material must be provided with a Creative Commons licence. See section, 'Reusing Open Educational Resources-Creative Commons Licences for more information on this.
The following should be taken into account when choosing the licence:
The institution's prescribed licence
Institutions may prescribe a specific licence. At Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, there is currently no publication policy for this.
Reuse of several Open Educational Resources
If materials with different licences have been reused within the new material you wish to share, this will have an effect on the new licence. There are two options here:
1. Name the licences separately for each reused material.
2. If the entire work is to be given a single licence, the licences of reused materials must be compared to determine what is possible.
At Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences we advise the use of a CC BY licence, so it remains visible which people/institutions have contributed to the material.
Choice of Platform
You can formally share Open Educational Resources via a repository/platform, which increases the range. It is also possible to share your materials within your own institution only, rather than with the entire world. This is called semi-open sharing.
Open Educational Resources developed within RUAS can be stored in the repository SURFsharekit. Via SURFsharekit, the resources are made accessible to platforms and databases such as:
Digital (open) Educational Resources for Dutch education via Edusources, SURF's search portal
Practice-based research, theses, graduation reports, papers and articles in the HBO-Kennisbank
Ensure that the material does not use jargon and unclear abbreviations.
Ensure that a conscious choice of formal or informal language is made throughout the material.
Make sure the language in the material is clear and correct.
Develop Open Educational Resources in Dutch or English.
Add. 5: The material is published in an adaptable format, so that others can easily reuse it.
Consider whether the material can be easily viewed on a PC, Mac, tablet or phone. If a pdf is used, it is wise to also make the texts available in .txt format, so that they can be easily reused. The formats that you can use depend upon the chosen repository.
Add. 6: The material complies with the copyright rules for Open Educational Resources
When you upload your material with a CC licence, you must ensure that your material is free of copyright. Therefore, create your material with original material combined with open content. That is, materials with a CC licence or with materials for which you have permission to reuse them.
If applicable, also include teacher guides and such, to maximise the reusability.
Quality models contribute to assurance of the quality of resources. It is recommended that a quality label be attached to materials that comply with a particular quality model, so that it is clear that a quality model has been used and which criteria are associated with it. Quality labels are not a requirement, but an option, which not all platforms offer. Both Wikiwijs and SURFsharekit offer the option to add a quality label.
Subject communities
A subject community is a group of peers from different (educational) institutions, both nationally and internationally, working in the same subject area and organised around shared expertise (SURF). Colleagues can start a subject community together, for example in the form of a cross-institutional consortium, a professional association or a national (educational) consultative body. Such a subject community can play a role in building and managing a collection of OERs.
Together, subject communities can identify what is needed within the discipline. The community should also jointly maintain the collection.
Keeping a collection up to date requires an active community (SURF). It is therefore wise to provide a community platform where members can find each other online and exchange knowledge and experience (SURF, idem). For example, an institution-wide Microsoft Team. It is also important to make it as easy as possible for community members to work together. To this end, agree together on clear and simple working methods and set up a good collaboration environment.
Subject vocabularies are a tool that can assist in sharing and finding Open Educational Resources. Subject vocabularies are cross-institutional, often hierarchical lists with a taxonomy structure of terms defined within the subject area and used to describe coherent subject terms within a discipline or course based on competences or subject content. Subject vocabularies also ensure that the time spend on metadating Open Educational Resources is reduced and improve the quality of the metadata. The subject vocabularies also make it possible to identify which Open Educational Resources are needed.
Quality models
Subject communities can choose to jointly draw up a quality model. Subsequently, a quality label can also be developed by a subject community to show that educational resources meet the requirements of an established quality model.
Glossary
Creative Commons (CC)
An initiative to make open licences available worldwide. These licences aim to facilitate the sharing, copying and editing of materials and offer creators of a way of handling their copyright with more flexibility. The creator of a work can choose from 6 different Creative Commons licences. With these, the creator determines the conditions under which the material may be used and distributed.
DOI (Digital Object Identifiers)
A permanent digital code assigned by the International DOI Foundation (IDF) to identify and locate a scientific article or e-book on the Internet.
Quality label
An instrument by and for (subject) communities that shows that the material meets the required standards of a (subject) community.
Quality model
A model developed by a community to assure the quality of a material. A quality label can be attached to materials that comply with a particular quality model, so that it is clear that a quality model has been used and which criteria are associated with it.
Metadata
Data describing the characteristics of the material, such as author, subject area, educational level, file format and so on. This makes the material easy to find and complies with international standards for data exchange.
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses)
Free online courses for an unlimited number of participants, the reuse of which is allowed conditionally through a licence. Certificates linked to MOOCs are often only available for a fee. With MOOCs there is the possibility of tutoring, but it is not possible to receive credits for them.
Open Access Publications
Online publications, both journals and books, for which there are no financial, legal or technical barriers with regard to access and whose content anyone can read, download, share and print. There are several variants of Open Access Publications that determine the reusability. The most commonly used are Gold Open Access and Green Open Access. Green Open Access publications cannot be reused outright (CC-BY-NC-ND).
Open Courseware
A complete course consisting of a compiled set of Open Educational Resources, the reuse of which is permitted under conditions via a licence. It contains no guidance and it is not possible to earn credits for it.
Open Creative Content
Collective term for creative works such as texts, images, sound clips or video images published under a licence that allows their reuse. These are not copyrighted works, such as film clips or (photos of) sculptures and paintings, but creative works such as a drawing or sound clip that are openly shared by the creator.
Open Data
Openly offered research data that allow researchers to build on previous research. Open Data is a component of Open Science.
Open Educational Resources (OER) [in the broad sense]
Freely accessible digital materials that are available for reuse within education. Permission and conditions for reuse are often set out in licences. Open Educational Resources are an important part of Open Education.
Open Educational Resources [narrow definition]
Digital Educational Resources created or edited specifically for education and offered to students and teaching staff for use within teaching and to support the learning process.
Open Education
Sharing – as well as building on already existing – knowledge, with the aim of global participation in Open Educational Practices and free access to high-quality Open Educational Resources.
Open Science
The practice of science in a way that allows others to collaborate, contribute to and benefit from the scientific process.
Open Textbook
Free textbooks available online with an open licence, where the user has the right to adapt the content of their own copy. Open textbooks contain links to other educational resources, videos are often embedded and there are links to interactive elements, such as simulations and animations. This ‘navigability’, the link to external resources, is another major advantage of open textbooks over regular textbooks.
Repository
A digital repository for materials accessible via the internet. A repository allows higher education institutions to make their (open) educational resources and research results internally and/or externally accessible. Repositories contain metadata about the materials, making them findable for users and ensuring that a repository complies with international standards for data exchange.
Subject community
A group of peers from different (educational) institutions, both national and international, working within the same subject area and organised around the shared content expertise.
Subject vocabulary
A cross-institutional, often hierarchical list with a taxonomy structure of terms defined within the subject area and used to describe coherent subject terms within a subject area or course based on competences or subject content.
Weblectures
Video recordings of instructions, workshops or lectures. These recordings may be supplemented by presentations, websites or publications.
The quality of an academic journal and the articles published within it is of great importance. When in doubt about the quality of an Open Access Journal, there are a number of assessment criteria:
Is the subject area of the journal clearly stated and defined?
Are researchers and (scientific) teachers the target audience and are they also mentioned as such on the website?
Are there renowned and well-known researchers from the subject area on the editorial board?
Is the journal affiliated with, or sponsored by, a scientific institute or society?
Does the content of the articles comply with the subject area of the journal and its standards?
Do the articles in the journal have a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?
Are the licenses for each article clearly stated?
Does the journal have an ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)?
Het arrangement Open Educational Resources at Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences is gemaakt met
Wikiwijs van
Kennisnet. Wikiwijs is hét onderwijsplatform waar je leermiddelen zoekt,
maakt en deelt.
Dit lesmateriaal is gepubliceerd onder de Creative Commons Naamsvermelding 4.0 Internationale licentie. Dit houdt in dat je onder de voorwaarde van naamsvermelding vrij bent om:
het werk te delen - te kopiëren, te verspreiden en door te geven via elk medium of bestandsformaat
het werk te bewerken - te remixen, te veranderen en afgeleide werken te maken
voor alle doeleinden, inclusief commerciële doeleinden.
Deze Wikiwijs is het resultaat van uitgebreid literatuuronderzoek naar Open Leermaterialen en gerelateerde onderwerpen (voorjaar 2021-voorjaar 2022) door Brenda Lems en Mariska Joan Schouten, werkzaam bij de mediatheek van Hogeschool Rotterdam.
Aanvullende informatie over dit lesmateriaal
Van dit lesmateriaal is de volgende aanvullende informatie beschikbaar:
Toelichting
Informational module for information specialists at HBO.
Leerniveau
HBO - Bachelor;
Eindgebruiker
leraar
Moeilijkheidsgraad
gemiddeld
Trefwoorden
creative commons, oer, open education, open educational resources
Attribution: BY
Non-commercial: NC
Derived Works: ND
Equal Sharing: SA
For the re-sharing of Open Educational Resources, or the sharing of self-made materials, the material must be provided with a Creative Commons licence. See section, 'Reusing Open Educational Resources-Creative Commons Licences for more information on this.
You can formally share Open Educational Resources via a repository/platform, which increases the range. It is also possible to share your materials within your own institution only, rather than with the entire world. This is called semi-open sharing.
The quality of an academic journal and the articles published within it is of great importance. When in doubt about the quality of an Open Access Journal, there are a number of assessment criteria:
