Introduction

Purpose of this Wikiwijs:

To increase the basic knowledge about Open Educational Resources of the Collection Specialists, Embedded Librarians and Advisors and Teaching Staff.
To be used as a reference guide when advising and supporting teaching staff concerning the reuse of Open Educational Resources.

This Wikiwijs will be updated regularly following the developments in the field of Open Educational Resources.

Why are we getting involved?

We invite you to work together to strengthen education by reusing Open Educational Resources. Our expertise is at your disposal to use these materials effectively, contributing to the improvement and innovation of education and the development of Blended Learning.

This initiative is in line with the national and international ambition to make learning materials widely accessible. Administrators of Universities in the Netherlands, the Association of Universities of Applied Sciences and SURF have jointly signed the Declaration National Approach to Digital and Open Educational Resources. This commits Dutch higher education institutions to the joint creation, sharing, reuse and procurement of learning materials.

Click here for more information about this declaration.

Bron: Regie op leermaterialen

What are Open Educational Resources?

Open Educational Resources (OER), in a broad sense, are freely accessible digital materials available for reuse within education. Open Educational Resources are an important part of Open Education.

Open Education is about sharing knowledge, as well as building on already existing knowlegde, with the aim of global participation in Open Educational Practices and free access to high-quality Open Educational Resources. To acchieve this, it aims to remove barriers to collaboration between scientists, educators and others. These include issues such as high costs, outdated and redundant materials and legal regulations. Collaboration is the key word, because sharing knowledge, insights and information on which new knowledge, skills and ideas can be based is the basic characteristic of education.

One feature of Open Educational Resources is that they are freely accessible. Permission for reuse and the conditions for reuse are often laid down in licences.

What kind of Open Educational Resources are there?

There are no restrictions on the format of Open Educational Resources. They can include Open Educational Resources (in the narrow sense), Open Access Publications, Open Data, Weblectures, Open Creative Content, Open Courseware, MOOCs and Open Textbooks.

This chapter contains a definition of these resources.

Examples of these Open Educational Resources can be found at the various sections underneath the Search for Open Educational Resources tab.

Open Educational Resources (narrow definition)

Open Educational Resources, in the narrow sense, are digital educational materials created or edited specifically for education and offered to students and teaching staff for use within teaching and to support the learning process. Examples include:

Information resources: knowledge clips, vlogs, blogs, presentations, books, articles, documents, images, infographics
Closed- and open assignments
Assessment- and test materials: quizzes, tests, test questions
Exploration and research materials
Manuals

Open Access Publications

Open Access Publications are online publications, both journals and books, for which there are no financial, legal or technical barriers with regard to access and whose content anyone can read, download, share and print. There are several variants of Open Access Publications that determine the reusability. The most commonly used are Gold Open Access and Green Open Access. Green Open Access publications cannot be reused outright (CC-BY-NC-ND).

Open Data

Open Data are research data. Offering them openly allows researchers to build on previous research.

Open Data is part of Open Science. By Open Science we mean the practice of science in a way that allows others to collaborate, contribute to and make use of the scientific process. It was decided not to use Open Science as an umbrella term, because it suggests that it refers only to scientific information. Moreover, when Open Science is discussed internationally, it often only refers to Open Data.

Weblectures

Weblectures are video recordings of instructions, workshops or lectures. These recordings may be supplemented by presentations, websites or publications.

Open Creative Content

Open Creative content is the collective term for creative works published under a licence that allows for their reuse. These can be, for example, texts, images, sound fragments or video images. These are not copyrighted works, such as film clips or (photos of) sculptures and paintings, but creative works such as a drawing or sound clip that are openly shared by the creator.

Open Courseware

Open Courseware is a complete course consisting of a compiled set of Open Educational Resources, the reuse of which is permitted under conditions via a licence. It contains no guidance and it is not possible to earn credits for it.

MOOCs

MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are free online courses for an unlimited number of participants, the reuse of which is allowed conditionally through a licence. Certificates linked to MOOCs are often only available for a fee. With MOOCs there is the possibility of tutoring, but it is not possible to receive credits for them.

Open Textbooks

Open Textbooks are free textbooks available online with an open licence, where the user has the right to adapt the content of their own copy. Open textbooks contain links to other educational resources, videos are often embedded and there are links to interactive elements, such as simulations and animations. This ‘navigability’, the link to external resources, is another major advantage of open textbooks over regular textbooks.

What is the added value of Open Educational Resources?

The added value of reusing Open Educational Resources is:

Knowledge valorisation 
Making knowledge publicly accessible so that it can be utilized in education and by society at large
Saving time 
Open Educational Resources can provide a good base layer for the development of educational resources (no need to “reinvent the wheel"), saving teaching staff a lot of time
Cost savings

This follows from the time saved in the development of educational resources
Cost reduction for students because fewer textbooks need to be bought

Quality improvement 
When sharing Open Educational Resources on a ‘shared’ platform, quality improvement occurs because:

Feedback that has been given can increase the quality of educational resources.
Teaching staff is enabled to learn from the work of others and vice versa.
Cooperation between professionals is made possible.
Exchange of educational resources both within and outside of the institution facilitates cooperation.

Educational innovation 
The use of Open Educational Resources can also contribute to educational innovation by giving teaching staff room to inspire one another, learn from one another, collaborate and build on the latest scientific knowledge and social developments. Educational innovation is in fact the attempt to improve education, especially its quality, in a purposeful way, including through new technologies.
Educational differentiation
Open Educational Resources make it possible and easier to differentiate and customise education.
Lifelong learning
Access to Open Educational Resources gives everyone who wants to independently acquire high-quality knowledge the opportunity to do so.
Greater student satisfaction
Broader access to educational resources makes it easier for students to expand their knowledge and prepare for assignments and tests. Students can not only choose which resources to use, but also where and when to do so. The latter is also important for the success of Blended Learning.
Expert profiling / visibility
By sharing Open Educational Resources both nationally and internationally, teaching staff and educational institutions can raise their profile nationally and internationally by showing which educational skills they have and which subject areas they have expertise in.

Searching for Open Educational Resources

This section gives an overview of where to find Open Educational Resources by type. The best resources are collected by the Library’s Collection Specialists and Embedded Librarians. They both advise and support teaching staff and students when it comes to searching for OER.

Images

Database	Explanation	Language	Subjects
Flickr: Search	Flickr is a photo sharing website. When you upload photos, terms of use can be specified. These usage rights can be used to filter your search results.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Google Afbeeldingen	Using Google images, you can search for CC-licensed images. After entering the search, select "Tools", click on "Usage rights" and set it to "Creative Commons licences". This must be done for each new search!	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
The Met collection	Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection. Contains more than 5,000 years of art from around the world.	English	Art
The Noun Project	Free icons & stock photos.	English	Multidisciplinary
Openverse	The Openverse team (formerly CC Search) systematically identifies providers hosting CC-licensed content and makes the high-quality resources findable through CC Search.	English	Multidisciplinary
Pexels	Free stock photos, royalty-free stock images & copyright-free photos.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Pixabay	2.6 million (free) images.	English	Multidisciplinary
Unsplash \| Business & Work	Part of Unsplash. Images related to work	Multilingual	Work
Unsplash \| Free Images & Pictures	Unsplash grants an irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide copyright licence to download, copy, modify, distribute, perform and use photos free of charge, also for commercial purposes, without permission from or attribution to the photographer or Unsplash.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Vecteezy \| Stock Photos, Images and Backgrounds	Freely available images. Attribution required.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary

Collections

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
Biblioteca Digital Hispánica	Digital library of the National Library of Spain. Offers free access to thousands of digitised documents, including books printed from the 15th to the 20th century, manuscripts, drawings, etchings, pamphlets, posters, photographs, maps, atlases, music, historical newspapers, magazines as well as audio recordings.	Multilingual	Cultural Heritage (Art & History)
The BNF digital library – Gallica	Digital library of French heritage. Covers all kinds of materials.	Multilingual	Cultural Heritage (Art & History)
British Library Digital Collections	Digital manuscripts can be accessed for free.	Multilingual
Europeana \| European cultural heritage	Europeana works with European archives, libraries and museums to share cultural heritage for education and research, among other things. This website offers advanced search and filtering capabilities.	Multilingual	Cultural Heritage
Open corporates	Company information	English	Economics
Open culture-collectie.	Open Cultuur collectie	English	Multidisciplinary

Complete courses & OER

Database	Explanation	Language	Subjects
AnatomyTOOL	Platform for open anatomy learning resources	English	Health & Medical Sciences
Case Studies \| MIT Sloan	These business cases cover the topics of entrepreneurship, leadership/ethics, operational management, strategy, sustainability and "system dynamics". For stimulating classroom discussions.	English	Entrepreneurship; Leadership / Ethics; Operational Management; Strategy; Sustainability and "System Dynamics"
Circulair Design Europe	Collection of tools and materials for education on circular economy/sustainability	English	Sustainability / Circular Economy
Class Central	This includes courses from Harvard University and Stanford University	English	Multidisciplinary
EconBiz	EconBiz offers: A literature search in key German and international databases, including the holdings of ZBW; Access to free and licensed full texts on the Internet; A calendar of events for scientific conferences and summer courses; The reference service Research Guide EconDesk that answers your questions on literature search and statistical data.	Multilingual	Economics
Grasple	Open interactive maths- & statistics exercises	English	Maths and Statistics
Howard College Libguides: Discipline Specific - OER	Course-specific Open Learning Materials.	English	Multidisciplinary
Khan Academy	Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos and a personalised learning dashboard. We cover maths, science, computer science, history, art history, economics, and more.	English	Multidisciplinary
OERcommons	OER commons is a public library of open educational resources, including complete courses	English	Multidisciplinary
OpenLearn \| Open University	OpenLearn is a free learning platform from The Open University of the UK as part of its Royal Charter commitment to supporting community well-being.	English	Multidisciplinary
Open Social Work	Open educational resources, open educational practices & open research	English	Social Sciences
SUNY OER Ready-To-Adopt Courses	SUNY OER Services (SOS) offers, among other things, a ready-made course catalogue. Search by title, not by content items. So far 124 courses, mostly American	English
TU Delft OpenCourseware	OpenCourseWare (OCW) : digital publication of high-quality university-level educational materials. These materials are organised as courses, and often include course planning materials and assessment tools, as well as thematic content. OpenCourseWare is free and openly licensed, accessible to all.	English, Dutch	Energy; Environment; Health & Medical Sciences; Infrastructures & Mobility; Sustainability; Water
Wikiwijs HBO Verpleegkunde	15 undergraduate nursing courses collaborated to collect learning materials. Various search options including CanMeds roles and keywords	Dutch	Nursing

Data

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
DANS \| KNAW	DANS assists researchers, data professionals, other data archives, research institutions and research funders with questions on data management, certification and topics such as FAIR, open access and software sustainability.	English, Dutch	Social Sciences & Humanities; Archeology; Life, Health & Medical Sciences; Physical and Technical Sciences
DANS \| DataverseNL	(Certified) service offered by DANS. During research, research data can be stored, shared and published via DataverseNL	English, Dutch	Social Sciences & Humanities; Archeology; Life, Health & Medical Sciences; Physical and Technical Sciences
4TU.ResearchData \| TU.ResearchData	4TU.ResearchData is an international data repository for the natural sciences, engineering and design. Services include management, sharing, long-term access and storage of research data.	English, Dutch	Natural Sciences; Engineering; Design [Science, Engineering]
OpenAIRE	The Netherlands Research Portal on OpenAIRE CONNECT covers the publications, datasets and projects of research institutes in The Netherlands.	English, Dutch	Multidisciplinary
OpenAIRE \| Search for Research Outcomes	OpenAIRE is a European project to support Open Science. Among other things, it is a technical infrastructure that collects research data. The goal of OpenAIRE is to establish an open and sustainable communication infrastructure regarding the management, analysis, use, availability, monitoring and linking of research outputs.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Mendeley Data	Mendeley Data is a cloud-based repository where data can be stored for easy sharing, access and citation. When research data is placed on Mendeley Data, it is given a Digital Object Identifier so that it can be referenced and cited. Elsevier ensures that this data is securely and permanently available through its partnership with Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS).	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Home \| re3data.org	Registry of Research Data Repositories. "Re3data is a global registry of research data repositories that covers research data repositories from different academic disciplines. It includes repositories that enable permanent storage of and access to data sets to researchers, funding bodies, publishers, and scholarly institutions. re3data promotes a culture of sharing, increased access and better visibility of research data. The registry has gone live in autumn 2012 and has been funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)."	English; Multilingual?	Engineering; Humanities and Social Sciences; Life Sciences; Natural Sciences

Interactive simulations

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
https://phet.colorado.edu/	Phet Interactive Simulations contains 2993 Interactive Simulations for Science and Math.	English	Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Earth Science, Biology

Music

Link	Explanation
ccMixter	Music (excerpts) published under a Creative Commons licence. The music on this site is free to download and sample and the results can be shared with anyone, anywhere, anytime. Some songs may have certain restrictions depending on their specific licences. Each submission is clearly marked with the licence that applies to it.
FMA - Free Music Archive	The Free Music Archive offers free downloads with Creative Commons and other licenses.
Freesound	Free registration is required to download music. Music available under various CC licences. Depending on the licence, the music may be downloaded, reused, edited or shared.
Incompetech \| Music and Graph Paper	Music free to download and reuse with attribution. With a paid licence, more formats are available and the music may be reused without crediting the creator.

Dissertations

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
DART-Europe E-theses Portal	DART-Europe was established in 2005 as a partnership of national and university libraries and consortia to improve global access to European research manuscripts. The DART-Europe E-theses Portal is a searchable database of electronic research theses in European repositories. The theses listed are Open Access.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
OpenAIRE	OpenAIRE provides access to scientific information including (Open Access) publications from the repositories of all Dutch universities, KNAW, NWO and various scientific institutions.	English, Dutch	Multidisciplinary

Repositories

Link

Explanation

Language

Subjects

Edusources | SURF

Contains learning materials, such as knowledge clips, PowerPoint presentations and practice tests. The collections of various subject communities can be searched. Available filters: education level, language, type of learning material, educational institution and subject area.

English, Dutch

Multidisciplinary

Wikiwijs | Vind, maak en deel lesmateriaal

Wikiwijs is an initiative of the Kennisnet Foundation and is intended for everyone involved in choosing and using educational resources in everyday teaching practice. Wikiwijs consists of two parts:

* Finding teaching materials: Wikiwijs Search can be used to find teaching materials for primary education, secondary education and vocational education, but also for higher education. Most teaching materials are free and free to use in education.

* Creating lesson materials: On Wikiwijs Maken, you can work independently or together with colleagues to create online teaching materials. These teaching materials can easily be shared with others. You can log in with an HR account.

English, Dutch

Multidisciplinary

(Text)books

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
Directory of open access Books	Scientific, peer-reviewed open access books.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Feedbooks: Public Domain	Copyright-free fiction, classics.	English, Italian, Spanish	Fiction & Non-Fiction
Intech Open	Open access books	English
LibriVox \| free public domain audiobooks	Audiobook version of copyright-free classics	Multilingual	Fiction & Non-Fiction
OERcommons	OER commons is a public library of open educational resources, including open textbooks	English	Multidisciplinary
Online Library of Liberty \| libertyfund.org	Liberty Fund offers a rich collection of books and online resources on understanding and appreciating the complex nature of a society of free and responsible individuals.	English +	Multidisciplinary - History
Open Library	The goal of the Open Library is to make all published works available to everyone in the world. Registration required. Books available via lending system		Fiction & Non-Fiction
START: Search Hogeschool Rotterdam (worldcat.org)	You can filter your search results by selecting 'open access'	English, Dutch	Multidisciplinary

(Open) Journals

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
BioMed Central \| BMC, research in progress	Subject-specific - Biomedical is the starting point, but they are expanding to the other listed disciplines. Contains >300 peer-reviewed journals.	English	Biomedicine; Physical Sciences; Maths; Engineering
DOAJ \| Directory of Open Access Journals	The DOAJ includes some 15,000 peer-reviewed Open Access journals on a wide range of topics.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Elsevier Open \| Open Access Journals List	Peer-reviewed Open Access journals provided by Elsevier, free to read and download for all. Published articles: * Are directly accessible and downloadable for free from ScienceDirect * Allow reuse defined by the author's choice of Creative Commons user licences * Published with CrossMark® to preserve the publication record	English
Hindawi: Journals \| Peer Reviewed Open Access Journals	One of the world's largest publishers of open journals.	English	Biological Science; Medicine; Physical Sciences; Social Sciences and Education; Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Sciences
OpenAIRE \| Search for Research Outcomes	OpenAIRE is a European project in support of Open Science. It is both a network dedicated to promoting and training about Open Science and a technical infrastructure that collects research data. The goal of OpenAIRE is to establish an open and sustainable communication infrastructure on the management, analysis, use, availability, monitoring and linking of research outputs.	Multilingual	Multidisciplinary
Public Library of Science (PLOS)	Subject-specific. Titles: PLOS Biology, PLOS Climate, PLOS Computational Biology, PLOS Digital Health, PLOS Genetics, PLOS Global Public Health, PLOS Medicine, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLOS ONE, PLOS Pathogens, PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, PLOS Water.	English	Natural Sciences & Medicine
SpringerOpen	Journals and books from SpringerOpen are made freely and permanently accessible online upon publication. Both journals and books are peer-reviewed and everything is published under a Creative Commons licence.	English	Multidisciplinary
Wiley Open Access	Wiley Open Access publishes peer-reviewed journals in the fields of biology, chemistry and medicine.	English,?	Biology; Chemistry; Medicine

Video

Link	Explanation	Language	Subjects
Mediasite: Hogeschool Rotterdam (hr.nl)	Through the Showcase, -some of the- video material developed by Hogeschool Rotterdam can be found.	English, Dutch	N/A
TED Ed: Lessons Worth Sharing	TED's education channel (Technology, Entertainment, Design).	English	Technology; Entertainment; Design
Videolectures Net	A repository for education-related video lectures. The lectures have been given by renowned scientists at conferences, summer schools and workshops, among others. The aim is to promote science, exchange ideas and share knowledge with the general public. All lectures and accompanying documents and information have been systematically selected and classified.	English	Multidisciplinary
Vimeo: Watch free videos	Platform for managing videos. Some of it is freely accessible.	Multilingual	N/A
YouTube Learning	YouTube's educational channel.	Multilingual	N/A

Search engines (advanced search)

Link	Explanation	Language
Mason OER Metafinder (MOM)	Open Educational Resources Metafinder. Mason OER Metafinder performs real-time simultaneous searches across 23 different sources of open learning resources. Mason OER Metafinder searches: American Memory Project (Library of Congress); AMSER - Applied Math and Science Education Repository; BC Campus:Open Ed; Digital Public Library of America; Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB); HathiTrust - Full View Available; JSTOR Open Access Books; Library of Congress (restricted to ‘only available’only); LibreTexts; Merlot.Org; MIT OpenCourseware; New York Public Library Digital Collections; OAOpen.org; OASIS; OER Commons; OER's at Internet Archive; Open Michigan; Open Research Library; Open Textbook Library; OpenStax CNX; Project Gutenberg; Teaching Commons; World Digital Library	English
DuckDuckGo : Privacy, simplified.	Search engine that allows anonymous searching. Images and videos can be filtered by licence.	Multilingual
Google Geavanceerd zoeken	You can filter your search results on user rights.	Multilingual
OneSearch	Search engine that allows anonymous searching. Images and videos can be filtered by licence	Multilingual

Reusing Open Educational Resources

If you want to reuse Open Educational Resources that you have found, there are several points of focus that require attention:

The conditions for reuse / Creative Commons licences
Quality and applicability
Source references

Embedded Librarians advise and support teaching staff regarding the reuse of existing Open Educational Resources.

Confirmation

Have you found Open Educational Resources you want to reuse? Then the first step is to check what exactly you are allowed to do with the material in question. A material’s licence indicates what is allowed. With regard to the use of Open Educational Resources, reference is often made to David Wiley's 5 Rs:

Retain > Save
Reuse > Reuse identically
Revise > Reuse with modification
Remix > Rearrange and combine with other open resources
Redistribute > Re-share (modified) material

As the 5R Model shows, the manner in which materials may be reused can vary. Therefore, before reusing a specific material, always check its licence, which is usually attached to it. If you do not find a licence, the material cannot be reused without permission. If the material is accessible online, linking is allowed. 

Creative Commons licences

Most Open Content has a Creative Commons (CC) licence. These licences aim to facilitate the sharing, copying and editing of a resource. By using a CC licence, copyright can be handled with more flexibility. The material’s creator of can choose from 6 different Creative Commons licences. With these, the creator determines the conditions under which the material may be used and distributed.

Creative Commons licences consist of four building blocks. If you know these building blocks, the meaning of a Creative Commons licence is easy to figure out. The building blocks stand for four different terms of use:

Building block	Explanation
Attribution: BY	You are allowed to copy, share, display, perform, and create materials based on the material, but only with credit to the creator.
Non-commercial: NC	It is permitted to copy, share, display, perform, and create materials based on the material, as long as it is not used for commercial purposes. The material may not be used in commercial education.
Derived Works: ND	It is allowed to copy, share, display and perform the material, while keeping it in its original state. Thus, it is not allowed to use the material as a basis for new materials.
Equal Sharing: SA	You are allowed to copy, share, display, perform, and create materials based on the material. The derivative material must be published under the same licence.

The above building blocks combine to form six Creative Commons licences. Below is a list of the licences in order from least to most restrictive:

Symbol	Explanation
	Attribution
	Attribution-ShareAlike
	Attribution-NonCommercial
	Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
	Attribution-NoDerivativeWorks
	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives

NB You will see the 'BY' section in each licence, which indicates that attribution is a mandatory part of each Creative Commons licence. In addition to the six licences, there are two other Creative Commons labels:

Symbol

Explanation

Public domain dedication (CC0) >

The creator has relinquished the copyright.

Public Domain Mark (PDM) >

There is no copyright on the work, or the copyright has expired.

NB CC0 and PDM indicate that the material is not (no longer) copyright protected. Anyone may therefore reuse, modify and share the material without restrictions.

Assessment

Assess the resource on both quality and applicability (in accordance with the goals and educational format).

Some platforms have a quality label that indicates whether the material meets the required standards of a (subject) community. If a (subject) community has developed a quality model, you can also use it to assess the quality of the material. For more information on quality models, see Sharing Open Educational Resources-Quality Models.

Source reference

Correct source citation is mandatory when reusing materials. The source citation should include the following:

author/creator
publication year and/or visit date
title of the work and/or source
link to the source

Sharing Open Educational Resources

The Advisors advise on and facilitate teaching staff in sharing Open Educational Resources.

The previous section, on Reusing Open Educational Resources, covered several points of focus that require attention if you wish to reuse an Open Educational Resource. When sharing edited, or self-made Open Educational Resources, there are four related aspects you must concern yourself with:

Choice of licence
Choice of platform
Quality conditions
Quality models

Choice of licence

For the re-sharing of Open Educational Resources, or the sharing of self-made materials, the material must be provided with a Creative Commons licence. See section, 'Reusing Open Educational Resources-Creative Commons Licences for more information on this.

The following should be taken into account when choosing the licence:

The institution's prescribed licence

Institutions may prescribe a specific licence. At Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, there is currently no publication policy for this.

Reuse of several Open Educational Resources

If materials with different licences have been reused within the new material you wish to share, this will have an effect on the new licence. There are two options here:
1. Name the licences separately for each reused material.
2. If the entire work is to be given a single licence, the licences of reused materials must be compared to determine what is possible.

At Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences we advise the use of a CC BY licence, so it remains visible which people/institutions have contributed to the material.

Choice of Platform

You can formally share Open Educational Resources via a repository/platform, which increases the range. It is also possible to share your materials within your own institution only, rather than with the entire world. This is called semi-open sharing.
Open Educational Resources developed within RUAS can be stored in the repository SURFsharekit. Via SURFsharekit, the resources are made accessible to platforms and databases such as:

Digital (open) Educational Resources for Dutch education via Edusources, SURF's search portal
Practice-based research, theses, graduation reports, papers and articles in the HBO-Kennisbank
Practice-based research and theses via Narcis
Open Educational Resources via Wikiwijs (Dutch only)

Wat betekent edusources voor de docent?

Quality conditions

Open Educational Resources must meet a number of preconditions before they can be shared. These are:

The material has a subject specific quality
The material has an open quality
The material has a didactic-educational quality
The material is readable and, if applicable, editable by others [language, form, content].
The material is published in an adaptable format, so that others can easily reuse it
The material complies with the copyright rules for Open Educational Resources
The material is licensed with permission for reuse
The material should be published in a repository and provided with metadata so that it can be easily found.

Add. 2: The material has an open quality:

In the material, do not mention course-specific data such as dates, lesson details, the name of the subject, etcetera.
The material should be free of advertising.
If the material is provided with a (project) logo, make sure it can be easily adapted/removed.
Make sure the material has an attractive design.
If there is video material, make sure that any assignments are placed at the end so that they can be easily cut.
In the case of video material, place the contact details of the creators in the credits.
Make sure that links are as reliable and durable as possible.
Materials should comply with the A3C Accessibility standard for the web, including good readability: font type, font size, colour contrast. See Guidelines for Web Content Accessibility (WCAG) 2.1
Ensure that the material does not use jargon and unclear abbreviations.
Ensure that a conscious choice of formal or informal language is made throughout the material.
Make sure the language in the material is clear and correct.
Develop Open Educational Resources in Dutch or English.

Add. 5: The material is published in an adaptable format, so that others can easily reuse it.

Consider whether the material can be easily viewed on a PC, Mac, tablet or phone. If a pdf is used, it is wise to also make the texts available in .txt format, so that they can be easily reused. The formats that you can use depend upon the chosen repository.

Add. 6: The material complies with the copyright rules for Open Educational Resources

When you upload your material with a CC licence, you must ensure that your material is free of copyright. Therefore, create your material with original material combined with open content. That is, materials with a CC licence or with materials for which you have permission to reuse them.

If applicable, also include teacher guides and such, to maximise the reusability.

Quality models

Quality models contribute to assurance of the quality of resources. It is recommended that a quality label be attached to materials that comply with a particular quality model, so that it is clear that a quality model has been used and which criteria are associated with it. Quality labels are not a requirement, but an option, which not all platforms offer. Both Wikiwijs and SURFsharekit offer the option to add a quality label.

Subject communities

A subject community is a group of peers from different (educational) institutions, both nationally and internationally, working in the same subject area and organised around shared expertise (SURF). Colleagues can start a subject community together, for example in the form of a cross-institutional consortium, a professional association or a national (educational) consultative body. Such a subject community can play a role in building and managing a collection of OERs.

Together, subject communities can identify what is needed within the discipline. The community should also jointly maintain the collection.

Bron: https://www.surf.nl/samenwerken-aan-leermaterialen-in-een-vakcommunity?dst=n5080

Keeping a collection up to date requires an active community (SURF). It is therefore wise to provide a community platform where members can find each other online and exchange knowledge and experience (SURF, idem). For example, an institution-wide Microsoft Team. It is also important to make it as easy as possible for community members to work together. To this end, agree together on clear and simple working methods and set up a good collaboration environment.

Examples of materials collected through communities: https://edusources.nl/en/communities

Subject vocabularies

Subject vocabularies are a tool that can assist in sharing and finding Open Educational Resources. Subject vocabularies are cross-institutional, often hierarchical lists with a taxonomy structure of terms defined within the subject area and used to describe coherent subject terms within a discipline or course based on competences or subject content. Subject vocabularies also ensure that the time spend on metadating Open Educational Resources is reduced and improve the quality of the metadata. The subject vocabularies also make it possible to identify which Open Educational Resources are needed.

Quality models

Subject communities can choose to jointly draw up a quality model. Subsequently, a quality label can also be developed by a subject community to show that educational resources meet the requirements of an established quality model.

Glossary

Creative Commons (CC)
An initiative to make open licences available worldwide. These licences aim to facilitate the sharing, copying and editing of materials and offer creators of a way of handling their copyright with more flexibility. The creator of a work can choose from 6 different Creative Commons licences. With these, the creator determines the conditions under which the material may be used and distributed.
DOI (Digital Object Identifiers)
A permanent digital code assigned by the International DOI Foundation (IDF) to identify and locate a scientific article or e-book on the Internet.
Quality label
An instrument by and for (subject) communities that shows that the material meets the required standards of a (subject) community.
Quality model
A model developed by a community to assure the quality of a material. A quality label can be attached to materials that comply with a particular quality model, so that it is clear that a quality model has been used and which criteria are associated with it.
Metadata
Data describing the characteristics of the material, such as author, subject area, educational level, file format and so on. This makes the material easy to find and complies with international standards for data exchange.
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses)
Free online courses for an unlimited number of participants, the reuse of which is allowed conditionally through a licence. Certificates linked to MOOCs are often only available for a fee. With MOOCs there is the possibility of tutoring, but it is not possible to receive credits for them.
Open Access Publications
Online publications, both journals and books, for which there are no financial, legal or technical barriers with regard to access and whose content anyone can read, download, share and print. There are several variants of Open Access Publications that determine the reusability. The most commonly used are Gold Open Access and Green Open Access. Green Open Access publications cannot be reused outright (CC-BY-NC-ND).
Open Courseware
A complete course consisting of a compiled set of Open Educational Resources, the reuse of which is permitted under conditions via a licence. It contains no guidance and it is not possible to earn credits for it.
Open Creative Content
Collective term for creative works such as texts, images, sound clips or video images published under a licence that allows their reuse. These are not copyrighted works, such as film clips or (photos of) sculptures and paintings, but creative works such as a drawing or sound clip that are openly shared by the creator.
Open Data
Openly offered research data that allow researchers to build on previous research. Open Data is a component of Open Science.
Open Educational Resources (OER) [in the broad sense]
Freely accessible digital materials that are available for reuse within education. Permission and conditions for reuse are often set out in licences. Open Educational Resources are an important part of Open Education.
Open Educational Resources [narrow definition]
Digital Educational Resources created or edited specifically for education and offered to students and teaching staff for use within teaching and to support the learning process.
Open Education
Sharing – as well as building on already existing – knowledge, with the aim of global participation in Open Educational Practices and free access to high-quality Open Educational Resources.
Open Science
The practice of science in a way that allows others to collaborate, contribute to and benefit from the scientific process.
Open Textbook
Free textbooks available online with an open licence, where the user has the right to adapt the content of their own copy. Open textbooks contain links to other educational resources, videos are often embedded and there are links to interactive elements, such as simulations and animations. This ‘navigability’, the link to external resources, is another major advantage of open textbooks over regular textbooks.
Repository
A digital repository for materials accessible via the internet. A repository allows higher education institutions to make their (open) educational resources and research results internally and/or externally accessible. Repositories contain metadata about the materials, making them findable for users and ensuring that a repository complies with international standards for data exchange.
Subject community
A group of peers from different (educational) institutions, both national and international, working within the same subject area and organised around the shared content expertise.
Subject vocabulary
A cross-institutional, often hierarchical list with a taxonomy structure of terms defined within the subject area and used to describe coherent subject terms within a subject area or course based on competences or subject content.
Weblectures
Video recordings of instructions, workshops or lectures. These recordings may be supplemented by presentations, websites or publications.

Source list

Auteursrecht (openaccess.nl)

Auteursrecht Informatiepunt - Hogeschool Rotterdam

Benut de kansen van digitale leermaterialen | SURF.nl

Digitale leermaterialen | SURF.nl

edusources: landelijk platform met groot aanbod van digitale leermaterialen | SURF.nl

Financiering (openaccess.nl)

Homepage — Creative Commons Nederland

https://edusources.nl/en/

https://opencontent.org/definition/

Hulp op maat: Open onderwijs - Hogeschool Rotterdam

Jalyn E. Warren (2021) Open Educational Resources (CLIPP 45), Journal of Access Services, 18:2, 63, DOI: 10.1080/15367967.2021.1911661

Je eigen leermateriaal delen voor hergebruik | SURF.nl

Kennismaking open leermaterialen | SURF.nl

Kernbegrippen digitale leermaterialen | SURF.nl

Kwaliteit (openaccess.nl)

Onderwijsinnovatie & vernieuwing. 5 voorbeelden & kansen | Peter Joosten

Open Access |

Open access uitgevers

Open data (openaccess.nl)

Open Education - Open Universiteit - Open Universiteit (ou.nl)

Open Educational Resources (OER) (unesco.org)

Open leermaterialen gebruiken, juist nu een goed idee! | SURF Communities

Open leermaterialen van anderen gebruiken | SURF.nl

Open Onderwijs – Open Nederland

Open onderwijs (openaccess.nl)

Open publicaties (openaccess.nl)

Our work - SPARC Europe

Over edusources | SURF.nl

Repositories (openaccess.nl)

Samenwerken aan leermaterialen in een creativeunity | SURF.nl

Share your work - Creative Commons

Stappenplan Kwaliteitsmodel voor open leermaterialen | SURF.nl

Starten met open leermaterialen | SURF.nl

SURFsharekit: de online opslagplaats voor het hoger onderwijs | SURF.nl

Uitleg bij de Creative Commons-licenties — Creative Commons Nederland

Use & remix - Creative Commons

Visiedocument leermaterialen 2025 - Versnellingsplan.nl

Voor- en nadelen (openaccess.nl)

Waarom aan de slag met open leermaterialen? | SURF.nl

Wat is open access?

Wat zijn open leermaterialen? | SURF.nl

What is open education? | Opensource.com

What We Do - Creative Commons

When we share, everyone wins - Creative Commons

Zelf leermaterialen voor hergebruik ontwikkelen | SURF.nl

Extra info:

OER: A Field Guide for Academic Librarians | Editor's Cut – Simple Book Publishing (pressbooks.pub)

OER Myths | OER Mythbusting! (oerpolicy.eu)

Open Education – All kinds of information (robertschuwer.nl)

Appendix: Quality assessment Open Access Journals

The quality of an academic journal and the articles published within it is of great importance. When in doubt about the quality of an Open Access Journal, there are a number of assessment criteria:

Is the subject area of the journal clearly stated and defined?
Are researchers and (scientific) teachers the target audience and are they also mentioned as such on the website?
Are there renowned and well-known researchers from the subject area on the editorial board?
Is the journal affiliated with, or sponsored by, a scientific institute or society?
Does the content of the articles comply with the subject area of the journal and its standards?
Do the articles in the journal have a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?
Are the licenses for each article clearly stated?
Does the journal have an ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)?
Is the publisher a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association?
Can the journal be found in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)?

Appendix 2: Open Education Menu

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The arrangement Open Educational Resources at Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences is made with Wikiwijs of Kennisnet. Wikiwijs is an educational platform where you can find, create and share learning materials.

Author: Team Informatievaardigheid Hogeschool Rotterdam
Last modified: 2024-07-18 15:57:00
License: This learning material is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This means that, as long as you give attribution, you are free to:

Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format

Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material

for any purpose, including commercial purposes.

More information about the CC Naamsvermelding 4.0 Internationale licentie.

Deze Wikiwijs is het resultaat van uitgebreid literatuuronderzoek naar Open Leermaterialen en gerelateerde onderwerpen (voorjaar 2021-voorjaar 2022) door Brenda Lems en Mariska Joan Schouten, werkzaam bij de mediatheek van Hogeschool Rotterdam.

Additional information about this learning material

The following additional information is available about this learning material:

Description: Informational module for information specialists and Teaching Staff at HBO.
Education level: HBO - Bachelor;
End user: leraar
Difficulty: gemiddeld
Keywords: creative commons, oer, open education, open educational resources

Sources

Source	Type
https://youtu.be/KrHt57wMf7k https://youtu.be/KrHt57wMf7k	Video
Wat betekent edusources voor de docent? https://youtu.be/S0Wakc1kIv8	Video

Used Wikiwijs arrangements

Team Informatievaardigheid Hogeschool Rotterdam. (2023).

Open leermaterialen bij Hogeschool Rotterdam

https://maken.wikiwijs.nl/183397/Open_leermaterialen_bij_Hogeschool_Rotterdam

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Introduction

Why are we getting involved?

What are Open Educational Resources?

What kind of Open Educational Resources are there?

Open Educational Resources (narrow definition)

Open Access Publications

Open Data

Weblectures

Open Creative Content

Open Courseware

MOOCs

Open Textbooks

What is the added value of Open Educational Resources?

Searching for Open Educational Resources

Images

Collections

Complete courses & OER

Data

Interactive simulations

Music

Dissertations

Repositories

(Text)books

(Open) Journals

Video

Search engines (advanced search)

Reusing Open Educational Resources

Confirmation

Creative Commons licences

Assessment

Source reference

Sharing Open Educational Resources

Choice of licence

Choice of Platform

Quality conditions

Quality models

Subject communities

Subject vocabularies

Quality models

Glossary

Source list

Appendix: Quality assessment Open Access Journals

Appendix 2: Open Education Menu

Download

Metadata

LTI

Arrangement

IMSCC package

For developers

Use

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