Welcome
Welcome everybody to the digital assignment about chapter 6, sections 1-3. We will be discussing rural and urban areas and what can be found in these places. What are the similarities and differences? Why do people move from rural to urban areas and vice versa? Learn more about the assignments at "introduction" and "instruction".
Introduction
In this Wikiwijs we are going to learn about rural and urban areas. What are the differences and what are the similarities? There are going to be information sections about each section from 1-3. In these sections you can find informational videos, pictures and text to help you with the exercises.
Below these informational sections you will find a practice test. In this test we are going to find out what you have learned in the informational sections. Next week we are going to discuss the practice test and the wikiwijs itself.
After we have discussed the practice test there will be a final individual exercise where all of the information given will be coming back. The final exercise will be available after we have discussed the practice test. You will be given a week to finish the final exercise and hand it in.
Good luck reading and watching!
Instruction
Step 1: Read the learning goals to find out what you are going to learn.
Step 2: Watch and read all of the chapter's information
Step 3: Note: For section 6.1, the video will be a powerpoint link. Click on "vanaf begin" to listen and watch the presentation clip.
Step 4: Note: The second information video will be an edpuzzle about the forming of cities, click on the link and make the exercises in the video.
Step 5: Make the Practice Test (consists of eight questions). Hand it in before next week's lesson.
Step 6: Make the Final Test
Learning goals
1. The student is able te explain the movement of people between rural and urban areas after making the wikiwijs.
2. The student is able to explain why a big city like Rotterdam had a faster city development when comparing it to Oud-beijerland after making the wikiwijs.
3. The students are able to use topotijdreis and edugis to come up with answers after making the wikiwijs.
Chapter 6.1
How cities were formed
Video 1: de Kleuver, J. [Jesper de Kleuver]. (2020, 4 juni). From hamlets to cities [Youtube]. Geraadpleegd van https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uD5ij6yboI
Chapter 6.2
Videos about urbanisation and the forming of cities
Urbanisation
edpuzzle: Vorming van steden
In the edpuzzle you will find a video containg four exercises.
Text
Central Business District (CBD)
The central business district of a city is mostly located in the centre of a city. In this part of the cities you will find large office buildings and various kinds of services. Around European CBD’s there can be found a circle of old factories, which is called the zone of transition. The old factories have been replaced by houses in many cities.
Rebuilding Rotterdam
During World War II Rotterdam had been bombed. 25,000 homes were lost and Rotterdam’s population was growing at the time of the bombing. To make up for all the lost houses Rotterdam had to start rebuilding. Several new neighbourhoods were built so that Rotterdam could grow once again. The effects of the bombings are still visible today If you compare Rotterdam with any other Dutch city, because everything is more modern in the city centre of Rotterdam. The rebuilding led to possibilities such as the most recent infrastructure, which made it way easier for the city to grow.
Chapter 6.3
Text
Rural areas since the industrial revolution
Before the industrial revolution, the majority of Dutch people were farmers of some sort. But with the introduction of machinery a lot was going to change in the Netherlands. Horse and carriage became machines, this change of ways is called mechanisation. It quite literally means replacing the older tools with new mechanical tools. Now farmers could milk more cows and grow more crops while doing less. But the machinery was expensive so the farmers couldn’t grow crops and keep cattle at the same time anymore. They had to become specialised in something.
The introduction of machines meant no more work for many workers that had a job in a rural area. Farmers who couldn’t afford machinery couldn’t compete with the more efficient specialised farmers. These workers and farmers had no choice but to look for a job in an urban area, at a factory for example.
From rural to more rural
Rural areas that are surrounding an urban area are the rural-urban fringe, the place where urban becomes rural. If you’d travel a bit further, you’ll reach the commuter belt, the zone where people are able to commute into the urban area on a daily basis. Travel even further and you will reach the countryside, here there are fewer houses. For the most part this area is used for agriculture and natural terrains like forests.
So to be clear: Urban > Rural-urban fringe > Commuter belt > countryside
Challenges in the rural-urban fringe and the commuter belt
There are lots of people who would like to live in the rural-urban fringe or the commuter belt because it is relatively close to some of the essential services in the city. Land prices are lower so that they can make a house with a garden affordable. The combination of these two pull-factors leads to competition over land use. There are multiple parties who would like to buy land in these areas. For example residents, company offices, factories, recreational areas or is the land in question to be left in a natural state?
Rural areas since the industrial revolution
Before the industrial revolution, the majority of Dutch people were farmers of some sort. But with the introduction of machinery a lot was going to change in the Netherlands. Horse and carriage became machines, this change of ways is called mechanisation. It quite literally means replacing the older tools with new mechanical tools. Now farmers could milk more cows and grow more crops while doing less. But the machinery was expensive so the farmers couldn’t grow crops and keep cattle at the same time anymore. They had to become specialised in something.
The introduction of machines meant no more work for many workers that had a job in a rural area. Farmers who couldn’t afford machinery couldn’t compete with the more efficient specialised farmers. These workers and farmers had no choice but to look for a job in an urban area, at a factory for example.
From rural to more rural
Rural areas that are surrounding an urban area are the rural-urban fringe, the place where urban becomes rural. If you’d travel a bit further, you’ll reach the commuter belt, the zone where people are able to commute into the urban area on a daily basis. Travel even further and you will reach the countryside, here there are fewer houses. For the most part this area is used for agriculture and natural terrains like forests.
So to be clear: Urban > Rural-urban fringe > Commuter belt > countryside
Challenges in the rural-urban fringe and the commuter belt
There are lots of people who would like to live in the rural-urban fringe or the commuter belt because it is relatively close to some of the essential services in the city. Land prices are lower so that they can make a house with a garden affordable. The combination of these two pull-factors leads to competition over land use. There are multiple parties who would like to buy land in these areas. For example residents, company offices, factories, recreational areas or is the land in question to be left in a natural state? Because of the high command of land in these areas, the prices are increasing as a result.
Practice Test 6.1-6.3
Practice Test
Final Test
Comparing cities
TTO1 - Chapter 6
You found out what a city is. Now you will compare some cities with each other. Step by step we will guide you through this process. The end result is a presentation with the comparison.
Step 1 - You explain why Oud-Beijerland is (not) a city.
Step 2 - You choose one of the following Dutch cities:
Rotterdam
The Hague
Utrecht
Amsterdam
Step 3 - You choose one of the following foreign cities:
London
Manchester
Paris
Lyon
Berlin
Frankfurt
Rome
Milan
Madrid
Barcelona
New York
Los Angeles
Chicago
Sao Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Beijing
Shanghai
Wuhan
Shenzhen
Tokio
Yokohama
New Delhi
Mumbai
Sydney
Melbourne
Step 4 - You collect the following information about both cities:
-
What do the cities look like?
-
Do your cities have a CBD (central business district)?
-
In which countries are your cities located?
-
Is this city the capital of this country?
-
What is the population of your cities (how many people live in your cities)? https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22691/istanbul/population
-
How many cities in the country have more inhabitants?
-
Show the city growth from 1950-2037 of both cities.
-
What are some reasons (two or three) why these cities grew so much?
-
Compare the population numbers of macrotrends.net with wikipedia.
-
Try to explain the difference in information.
-
Find your city on Google maps (satellite mode).
-
What does the area around the city look like (rural or an urban network for example)?
-
What are the three most important differences between your Dutch and foreign city?
Step 5 - Build the presentation
-
Put your information in a presentation (Powerpoint or Google Presentations).
-
For an example of a presentation click on the pdf-file in classroom.
-
When you have put all of the information in a presentation, hand in the presentation in the "final test" file in classroom.
