Comparison

Comparison

Comparisons and Superlatives (de overtreffende trap)

Welkom!

 

Je gaat vandaag leren over de overtreffende trap, aan het eind van dit digitaal arrangement kan je bijvoegelijke naamwoorden in de overtreffende trap zetten en goed spellen. Je leert ook alle onregelmatige naamwoorden.

 

Veel succes!

Comparisons explaned

Voor (regelmatige) bijvoegelijke naamwoorden/ regular adjectives

gelden de regels:

Comparatives\ vergrotende trap:  -er

Superlatives\ overtreffende trap:  -est

Ex: Tom is taller than Dirk but Jaden is the tallest

I'ts colder today than it was yesterday but tomorrow it will be the coldest day of the month.

 

Voor (Onregelmatige) bijvoegelijke naamwoorden\ (irregular) adjectives gelden de regels:

Word ending with y becomes: -ier          

                                                -iest  

Ex. The student is happy but the teacher is happier.                                             

Word ending with e becomes: -r

                                                -st

Ex. The school is closer to my house than the supermarket.

 

Short vowel + consonant becomes: dubbel consonant    

Ex. My house is big but my friends house is bigger.

 

 

Voor meer dan 3 lettergrepen/syllables gelden de regels:

Comparative/vergrotende: more

Superlative/overtreffende: most

Ex. I think history is more interesting than math. English however is the most interesting subject.

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Introduction

Welcome students,

 

Thank you for visiting this digital study arrangement where you could find all information provided for the lessons of 1 vwo.

There will be different kinds of lessons on this arrangement in the near future, but we will start off with two of the most important grammar items in the English language, which are comparative and superlative adjectives.

On this arrangement, you will find the theory and a video of comparative and superlative adjectives and some other tools that support the lessons and its learning aims.

There will be enough theory provided to do the practice exercises that have to do with the grammar item and furthermore, there will be a test at the end to measure whether the lessons and its learning aims are achieved.

There are also links to other websites to find more examples and practice exercises.

Good luck with studying grammar and hopefully this arrangement is enough to pass the test!

Content

Lesson aims

By the end of this lesson you will have:

  • Learned the differences between comparative and superlative adjectives and their use in different contexts.
  • Learned the differences between regular and irregular forms of comparative and superlative adjectives and their use in different contexts.
  • Practiced with the use of comparative and superlative adjectives.
  • Tested yourself with comparative and superlative adjectives.

Mindmap

Mindmup

Go to mindmup and create your own mindmap about the Comparative and Superlative Adjectives. What do you know about the two grammar items? 

Time: this exercise should take 5 to 7 minutes.

How: Go to mindmup and get started. 

          Register with your email account.

          Click on ''create a new map''.

          Give your center area the name ''Comparative and Superlative Adjectives''.

          Start writing down what you know about this subject.

          Save your mindmap.

Help: Work individually.

Finished: Save your mindmap and continue with the lesson.

Mindmup.com

Introduction

Today's lesson is going to be about comparative and superlative adjectives. In Dutch they are called ''vergelijkende en overtreffende trap''. Both are used to compare and contrast different entities, but there are quite some differences between the two.

What are the differences between comparative and superlative adjectives?

 

Comparatives Superlatives
Compare two people, objects, ideas Compare three or more things
Preceded by 'than' Preceded by 'the'
Formed by adding 'er', 'ier' or 'more' Formed by adding 'est', 'iest' or 'most'

 

Picture

Comparative Adjectives

Theory

Comparative adjectives

 

What is it?

In Dutch, comparatives mean ''vergelijkende trap''. As in the Dutch language, the English language also use comparative adjectives to compare things, objects, ideas, people, etc. The comparative in general can be placed with adjectives or adverbs. This lesson is about the comparative adjectives and how to form this grammatical item in a sentence.

 

Why do we use it?

Comparative Adjectives are used to:

 

1. Compare and describe two things and people.                   

                     My school building is older than yours.

                           This car is better and more expensive than the other one.

 

2. When something or someone changes.

                          The tiredness makes me work slower and slower.

                           Don't worry about the dog. He is doing better and better.

 

3. When one thing depends on another

                           It is less beautiful when you paint it quicker.

                           The quicker you paint, the less beautiful it is.

 

Picture

The use

How do we use it?

When the comparative adjective consists of:

  • 1 or 2 syllables, it gets -er at the end of the word.

              For example: Fast - Faster

                                    Big - Bigger

 

  • 3 or more syllables, it gets 'more' before the word.

            For example: Beautiful - more beautiful

                                  Uncountable - more uncountable

 

  • 'Y', it changes in 'i' and gets 'er' at the end of the word.

              For example: Happy - Happier

                                    Tidy - Tidier

 

Irregular forms

However, there are irregular forms of adjectives. In the table below are listed some of the most frequently used forms of irregular adjectives.

Good Better
Bad Worse
Little (amount) Less
Little (Size) Smaller        
Much (Uncountable) More  
Many (Countable) More

 

The structure

Than

We use than to compare two things with each other.

For example:        This fall is colder than last year.

Attention: Note that 'than' is different from 'then'. 'Than' is actually used for comparisons while 'Then' is used as an adverb, to indicate an actions in time.

 

And

We use and to describe a change of someone or something.

For example:        The climate is getting warmer and warmer.

As in example one, 'and' is placed between two comparative adjectives to indicate that the car is both better and more expensive than another car. In this context, 'and' is used to add something more about the car.

 

The

We use the when something depends on another.

For example:        The more you give away your money, the poorer you'll get.

 

 

Recap

What have you learned so far?

 

  • Comparative adjectives are used to compare and describe two things and people. It also describes something or someone that/who changes. Furthermore, we use the comparative adjective to refer to one thing that depends on another thing.
  • Comparative adjective is formed with -er at the end. This is when the adjective consists of 1 or 2 syllables. When it consists of more syllables, it gets 'more' before the adjective.
  • When the adjective ends on 'y', it changes in 'i' and gets -er at the end.
  • We use 'than' to compare two things in a sentence.
  • 'And' is put between two adjectives when we describe a change of someone or something.
  • 'The' is used when something depends on something else.

There are also irregular forms of adjectives. Think of the following words: good, bad, little (amount), little (size), much (uncountable) and many (countable).

 

Good Better
Bad Worse
Little (Amount) Less
Little (Size) Smaller
Much (Uncountable) More
Many (Countable) More

 

Superlative Adjectives

Theory

Superlative adjectives

 

What is it?

In Dutch, superlative means ''overtreffende trap''. As in the Dutch language, the English language also uses superlative adjectives to refer to an upper or a lower limit of a quality. The superlative in general can be placed with adjectives or adverbs. This lesson is about the superlative adjectives and how to form this grammatical item in a sentence.

 

Why do we use it?

We use superlative adjectives:

 

1. To describe something at the upper or lower limit of a quality.

For example: The highest, the lowest, the hottest, the coldest,

                      the fattest, the thinnest, the fastest, the slowest.

 

2. When a subject is compared to a group of objects

For example: This is the tallest man on earth.

The use

How do we use it?

When the superlative adjective consists of:

  • 1 or 2 syllables, it gets -est at the end of the word.

  For example: Fast - Faster - Fattest

                         Big - Bigger - Biggest

 

  • 3 or more syllables, it gets 'most' before the word.

For example:

Beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful

Uncountable - more uncountable - most uncountable

 

  • 'Y', it changes in 'i' and gets 'est' at the end of the word.

For example: Happy - Happier - Happiest

                       Tidy - Tidier - tidiest

 

Irregular forms

Again, there are irregular forms of adjectives. The table below shows the most frequently used forms of irregular adjectives.

Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Little (amount) Less Least
Little (Size) Smaller Smallest
Much (Uncountable) More Most
Many (Countable) More Most

 

Picture

Recap

What have you learned so far?

 

  • Superlative adjectives are used to describe something at an upper or a lower limit of a quality and it describes a comparison between a subject and a group of objects.
  • When the adjective consists of 1 or 2 syllables, it gets -est at the end. 'Most' is added before the adjective when it consists of more than 3 syllables. When the adjective ends on 'y', it changes in 'i' and get -est at the end.

There are irregular forms of adjectives which you could find below in the table.

Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Little (Amount) Less Least
Little (Size) Smaller Smallest
Much (Uncountable) More Most
Many (Countable) More Most

 

Summary theory

Kennisclip Comparative and superlative adjectives

Video

Practice

Comparative adjectives

Comparative Adjectives A

Comparative Adjectives B

Superlative adjectives

Superlative Adjectives A

Superlative Adjectives B

More practice

Classroom: SOC-30695653

This quiz looks similar to the test that you are going to take at the end of this lesson. The aim of the test is to prepare you on the actual test. There are some instructions below. Read this carefully before you enter the room or go to the real test. Good luck with the quiz and hopefully this is going to give you some insight on how you're doing so far in terms of understanding the theory.

Attention: read your feedback carefully after making a mistake. Since the quiz is almost the same as the test, you will need the explanation in order to pass the test.

 

Instructions

What: Have you watched the video of the theory yet? It's time to take a quiz. Go to socrative and enter the following room:

CLASS7220         

Time: You'll get max. 5 minutes to finish the socrative quiz.

How: Work Individually

Help: Your notes of this lesson. Make sure you have watched the video of the Comparative and Superlative Adjectives before you enter this room.

Finished: Finished? Take the end test.

 

SOCRATIVE

More practice explanations and exercises:

Comparative and superlative adjectives I

Comparative and superlative adjectives II

 

Picture

Tests

Comparative and superlative adjectives

Test comparative and superlative adjectives
Good luck!

Instructions

Time: You'll get about 5-7 minutes to take the test.

How: Fill in the google docs form and submit your answers.

Help: No help. Put your notes away and do this individually.

Finished: Read in your coursebook ''All Right'' about Comparative and Superlative Adverbs.

 

 

Picture

The End

Edit your mindmap

 

Remember the mindmap you saved at the beginning of the lesson? This is a perfect way of checking whether you have learned something throughout the lesson. Our lesson aims were:

By the end of this lesson you will have:

  • Learned the differences between comparative and superlative adjectives and their use in different contexts.
  • Learned the differences between regular and irregular forms of comparative and superlative adjectives and their use in different contexts.
  • Practiced with the use of comparative and superlative adjectives.
  • Tested yourself with comparative and superlative adjectives.

Have you achieved these aims?

 

Instructions

1. Open http://mindmup.com and log in with your email account.

2. Open your mindmap and edit what you have learned throughout the lesson.

3. Edit what you have guessed at the beginning about today's lesson.

4. Save your mindmap again.

 

Good luck

 

Grammar - Introduction

Grammar
To be able to read, listen, speak and write better, you will need to know your grammar! this theme you are going to learn about:

  • het bijvoeglijk naamwoord;
  • de trappen van vergelijking;
  • question tags.
For each grammar item, there is an explanation and there are exercises.
Try to do as many exercises as possible!

Good luck!

Grammar - Bijvoeglijk naamwoord

 

Bijvoeglijk naamwoord

De adjective geeft extra informatie over het zelfstandig naamwoord (in het Engels ‘noun’ genoemd). Een adjective geeft aan wat een zelfstandig naamwoord is of waar het op lijkt.

  • She sang a beautiful song. - Zij zong een mooi lied.
    'Beautiful' zegt iets over het lied dat de vrouw zong.
    'Beautiful' is dus het bijvoeglijk naamwoord en 'song' het zelfstandig naamwoord.
  • It was a hard decision to make. - Het was een moeilijke beslissing.
    ‘Hard’ zegt in bovenstaand voorbeeld iets over ‘decision’.
    ‘Hard’ is dus de adjective en decision de noun.

Een adjective kan op twee plaatsen in een zin voorkomen, voor het zelfstandig naamwoord of na een koppelwerkwoord als be, seem, appear, look, sound, taste, feel en smell.

  • The food smells awful. - Het eten ruikt weerzinwekkend.
    In bovenstaand voorbeeld zegt ‘awful’ iets over ‘the food’.
    ‘Awful’ is dus de adjective in bovenstaande zin.
    ‘Smells’ is het koppelwerkwoord, het verbindt ‘food’ met ‘awful’.
  • The man looks tired. - De man ziet er moe uit.
    ‘Tired’ (adjective) zegt iets over ‘the man’ (noun).
    Looks is het koppelwerkwoord.

In een zin kunnen meerdere bijvoeglijk naamwoorden bij één zelfstandig naamwoord voorkomen.
Voorbeelden:

  • The tiny round table. - De kleine ronde tafel.
  • The white wooden bank. - De witte houten bank.
  • The old German car. - De oude Duitse auto.

Voor extra uitleg klik op onderstaande link.

Extra grammar explanation (and exercises)
on adjectives (= bijvoeglijke naamwoorden).

 

Toets:Bijvoeglijk naamwoord

Grammar - Trappenvergelijking

Trappen van vergelijking

Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden kunnen gebruikt worden om vergelijkingen (comparisons) te maken.
Er zijn grofweg twee soorten vergelijkingen: de ‘comparative’ (vergrotende trap) en de ‘superlative’ (overtreffende trap).

We gebruiken de comparative om twee dingen met elkaar te vergelijken:

  • New York is bigger than Amsterdam.

We gebruiken de superlative om meer dan twee dingen met elkaar te vergelijken:

  • New York is the most beautiful city in the world.

In dit voorbeeld wordt New York vergeleken met alle andere steden in de wereld.

Hoe de comparative en superlative worden gevormd hangt af van het aantal lettergrepen van het bijvoeglijk naamwoord.

Eén of twee lettergrepen: -(e)r en -(e)st

  comparative superlative
cheap cheap-er (the) cheap-est
narrow narrow-er (the) narrow-est
large large-r (the) large-st Let op: alleen een -r en -st
big big-ger (the) big-gest

Let op: medeklinker wordt verdubbeld als dat voor de uitspraak nodig is
hot hot-ter (the) hot-test


Twee lettergrepen eindigend op -y: -ier en -iest (dus: y > i)

  comparative superlative
funny funn-ier (the) funn-iest
happy happ-ier (the) happ-iest


Twee, drie of meer lettergrepen: more en most

  comparative superlative
famous more famous (the) most famous
difficult more difficult (the) most difficult

 

Er zijn ook enkele onregelmatige comparatives en superlatives:

  comparative superlative
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
much/many more most
far farther/further (the) farthest/the furthest


Ook belangrijk: in de comparative wordt vaak het woord ‘than’ gebruikt om aan te geven waarmee iets vergeleken wordt:

  • A bike is cheaper than a car.
    Een fiets is goedkoper dan een auto.
  • You’re older than me.
    Jij bent ouder dan ik.

Voor extra uitleg klik op onderstaande link.

Extra grammar explanation (and exercises)

 

Toets:Trappenvergelijking

Toets:Trappenvergelijking

Grammar - Question tags

Question tags
Weet je nog hoe je in het Engels vragen stelt? En weet je nog hoe je een ontkennende zin maakt? Als je twijfelt, kijk dan nog even naar de volgende onderdelen uit de Kennisbank Engels.

Vragen - Simple present

In de simple present begint een vraag vaak met do of does.
Na do of does volgt altijd het hele werkwoord.

Voorbeelden:

  • They live in Canada.
    Zij wonen in canada

    Do they live in Canada?
    Wonen zij in Canada?

  • A lion eats meat.
    Een leeuw eet vlees.

    Does a lion eat meat?
    Eet een leeuw vlees?

Een vraag kan ook beginnen met een vorm van het werkwoord to be.
De vorm van to be komt dan vooraan in de zin.

  • She is friendly.
    Zij is vriendelijk.

    Is she friendly?
    Is ze vriendelijk?

  • They are on time.
    Ze zijn op tijd.

 

Ontkenningen - Simple present

In de simple present maak je een ontkenning vaak met do+not of does + not.
In plaats van do not, schrijf je vaak don't.
In plaats van does not, schrijf je vaak doesn't.
Na do not/don't of does not/doesn't volgt altijd het hele werkwoord.
Voorbeelden:

  • They live in Canada.
    Zij wonen in Canada.

    They do not/don't live in Canada.
    Zij wonen niet in Canada

  • A lion eats meat.
    Een leeuw eet vlees.

    A lion does not/doesn't eat meat.
    Een leeuw eet geen vlees.

Een ontkenning kan gemaakt worden met een vorm van het werkwoord to be + not.
Ook nu kun je de afkorting n't gebruiken.
Voorbeelden:

  • She is friendly.
    Ze is vriendelijk.

    She is not/isn't friendly.
    Ze is niet vriendelijk.

 

Question tags

In het Engels, vooral in de spreektaal, wordt vaak een kort vraagje aan een zin geplakt om deze vragend te maken.
Het aangeplakte vraagje wordt in het Engels een question tag genoemd.
De belangrijkste regel is dat na een positieve zin de question tag negatief is, en andersom, dat na een negatieve zin de question tag positief is.

Voorbeelden:

  • He is good, isn't he?
  • He isn't good, is he?
  • He can help me, can't he?
  • He can't help me, can he?

Staat er geen hulpwerkwoord in de zin dan maak je een tag met een vorm van het werkwoord 'to do'.

Voorbeeld:

  • They watch TV, don't they?

Staat de hoofdzin in de tegenwoordige tijd dan staat de tag ook in de tegenwoordige tijd.
Staat de hoofdzin in de verleden tijd dan staat de tag ook in de verleden tijd.

Voorbeelden:

  • The man watches TV, doesn't he?
  • The man watched TV, didn't he?

 

Maak nu de volgende twee oefeningen.

Toets:Question tags

Toets:Question tags

Voor extra uitleg klik op onderstaande link.

KB: Extra grammar explanation (and exercises) on question tags.

 

Grammartest

Grammartest
You are about to finish the grammar part of this theme. Before you finish, you will take a grammar test.

If you pass the test, you will be ready for the next step!

Good luck!

Toets:Toets

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