Dear students, welcome to the wikiwijs page for 'Kennis van land en samenleving' The next few weeks you're going to learn everything you need to know about Great Britain!
Each lesson you're going to make a few assignments on a different topic (see the menu on the left side!) In the end we're working towards the final assignment. This is a group assignment: Giving a powerpoint presentation about a trip to a city in the United Kingdom. That might sound scary but don't worry we're going to work on that every week step by step. And we will help you!
If you have any questions ask your teacher for help and have fun!
The British Isles: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, The Republic of Ireland
The British Isles is the geographical name of all these islands together.
Great Britain: England, Scotland, Wales
This is a geographical term. Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles.
The United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland): England, Scotland, Wales, Northern-Ireland
The United Kingdom is the name of the state. The head of state is the queen. But each nation has it's own parlement.
The Republic of Ireland:
The Republic of Ireland is a seperate state that is not a part of the from the United Kingdom.
Fill in the missing information on the four cards:
1) Find out which card belongs to what country
2) Look up how many people live there
3) Mention at least two famous places per country
4) Explain what the country is famous for, attractions & sights for example
Use the internet or watch the video from the first assignment again to find the answers. You also need the explain what the symbols for each country are (above the flags in the pictures).
Assignment II
Provide the same information from the cards for the Republic of Ireland. Again, mention at least two famous places and three famous attractions or sights per country.
TOPO GB
Britain short overview
FAST FACTS
OFFICIAL NAME: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional monarchy with parliamentary government
CAPITAL: London
POPULATION: 63,742,977
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: English
MONEY: Pound sterling
AREA: 93,635 square miles (242,514 square kilometers)
MAJOR RIVERS: Thames, Severn, Tyne
Queen Elisabeth IIWestminster Abbey, London (capital)
GEOGRAPHY
The United Kingdom, also called the U.K., consists of a group of islands off the northwest coast of Europe. It is a unique country made up of four nations: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England, Wales, and Scotland also make up Great Britain.
Much of the north and west of the U.K. is covered in high ground, knife-edged mountain ridges separated by deep valleys. This terrain was shaped in the last Ice Age, when thick glaciers covered the land.
In the south of England, the countryside is mostly rolling hills.
In northwest England and the Scottish Highlands are dozens of lakes, called lochs. These were left behind when the Ice Age glaciers melted. They tend to be long and narrow, and some are very deep. Legends say that a giant monster called Nessie lives in Loch Ness in Scotland.
PEOPLE & CULTURE
Cricket
The British are the creation of waves of invaders and migrants, including Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. In the 1950s and 1960s, people from former colonies in the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia came to the United Kingdom to work.
Sports and literature are among the United Kingdom's cultural claims to fame. Soccer, rugby,
cricket, boxing, and golf were all invented in Britain. And the U.K. has produced many great writers, including William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and Robert Burns. J.K. Rowling, the writer of the Harry Potter books, is British.
NATURE
Ben Nevis (mountain)
About 5,000 years ago, the center of the United Kingdom was covered with thick forests. Thousands of years ago, these woodlands were cleared by ancient farmers, and today only about 10 percent of the land is forest.
The United Kingdom's complex geology gives rise to a wide variety of landscapes and a range of habitats for its animal and plant life. But it is a very crowded country, and there are not many truly wild places left. The most successful wildlife species are those that can live alongside people.
Great Britain's rugged mountains, like the Scottish Highlands, offer habitat that is relatively untouched by humans. The country's 7,700 miles (12,429 kilometers) of shoreline, ranging from tall cliffs to beaches to marshes, also provide homes for wildlife such as seabirds and seals.
GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY
Britain's system of government has developed over many centuries. Kings once ruled with advice from a council of religious leaders and nobles. This council eventually expanded into the Parliament, which now passes all the country's laws. Today, the monarch (which can be a king or queen) has no real power.
The United Kingdom has been a leading trading nation for more than 500 years. In the 19th century, British industry helped make the country the most powerful nation in the world. It is still one of the strongest economies on Earth.
Palace of Westminster, Big Ben on the right
Final Assignment: Part 1
Where shall we go?
Your class wants to go on a trip to the United Kingdom. You're going to make a powerpoint presentation in groups of 3 students for your classmates in which you'll tell them the basics of this trip. But where should you go? Today you've gotten some information about cities in the UK. Decide with your group of three wich city you would like to go.
Add at least the following slides to your powerpoint today, remember you're always allowed to do more, not less!
1. An introduction slide with your names and the name of the city you've chosen.
2. A slide with the reasons you'd like to visit this city.
3. A slide with the following information:
In which country is this city located. (England, Wales, Scotland or Northern-Ireland)
The size of the city.
The population of the city.
Lesson 2: History and Language
The Roman period (43 - 410)
The Picts and the Celts
The first Britons (people who live in the United Kingdom) were the Picts, who arrived about 10,000 years ago. In the eighth century B.C., the Celts arrived from Europe and pushed the Picts north into Scotland.
We don't know much about the life of the Celts. We do know that they built Stonehenge! Stonehenge was built about 4500 years ago. It's quite mysterious because nobody knows how or why it was built.
The Romans
in A.D. 43, the Romans invaded and ruled for nearly 400 years. They built roads, bathhouses, sewers, and large villas. They also built Hadrian’s wall to protect their British cities from the picts. When the Romans left very little of their culture was left behind. Which is rather odd cause when we look at other European countries who were under the Roman influence. (Such as the south of the Netherlands) We can still see a lot of Roman Influences.
The language:
The Romans gave the name Brittania to what we now call Britain.
A lot of city names also stem from the Roman period. A lot of places that were build in Roman times have names such as Chester, Lancaster, Gloucester, Manchester thatstem from the Roman word castra which means military camp.
De onderstaande antwoorden moet je zelf nakijken; vergelijk jouw antwoorden met de goede
antwoorden, en geef aan in welke mate jouw antwoorden correct zijn.
By the sixth century A.D., German peoples known as Angles, Jutes, and Saxons were moving into Britain. They had little use for towns and cities but had a big effect on the countryside. They introduced new ways of farming and built small villages.
The Vikings
The vikings came from Scandinavia and landed in Britain around 700. The concered some ground but were soon defeated by the Saxon king Alfred. However the cultural differences between the vikings and the anglo-saxons was small and they blended together rather easily.
The language
Angles gave their name to England, and English people became known as Anglo-Saxons. A lot of simple words that are used every day stem from the Anglo-Saxons such as loaf, house, woman. Some days of the week were named in honour of Anglo-Saxon gods: Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
The Vikings brought along with them a lot of terms that are used in battles, such as: drag, fast, axe and die.
Norman conquest (1066)
William the Conqueror
In 1066 William, the duke of Normandy (in France), took the English throne after defeating king Harrold in the very bloody battle of hastings.
Norman soldiers who had invaded were given ownership of land and the people living on it. The Normans spoke to eachother mainly in French, the Anglo-Saxons however spoke mostly their own language.
The language
Because French was the language that was used by the rulers a lot of words that are still used in English today that have to do with the government or law stem from French words: parlement (parliament) judge, jury, evidence etc.
The Anglo-Saxons who were mainly working on the land already had names for the animals they took care of: cow, sheep, pig. However the Normans who ate those animals kept using the French names, which are still used nowadays when people refer to the meat of those animals: Beef (boeuf), mutton (mouton), pork (porc)
Middle Ages (800-1500)
When you think about it, the Middle Ages were a very, very long period of time, and so it’s easier to break up these periods of time into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. But for now, let’s focus on what was happening during the Early Middle Ages.
Early Middle Ages
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, during this period of recovery, several important ideas on how to keep things in control came up: feudalism, knighthood, and manorialism. Let’s break these down and try to understand what each involved. Feudalism was a system of governing people based on loyalty. This loyalty went upward, almost like a pyramid. The lower classes were loyal to the noble classes, the noble classes to the king, and the king was loyal to the teachings of Christianity.
The noble classes, often called lords, owned pieces of land, which they received from the king in return for their service to him. However, they needed people to work this land and protect it, so lesser nobles (sometimes called “vassals”) were given sections of a lord’s land. In the end, everything was owned by the king, but it was easier to have a chain of command.
High Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages saw many changes: more food, more people, and more trade with other cultures than ever before. New areas of the world were being explored, and great explorers such as Marco Polo were making names for themselves. Europeans were divided into separately-ruled areas that we recognize today, such as Portugal, Spain, France, England, and Italy (along with other nation-states), but there was still warring over lands and territories. Feudalism was becoming a thing of the past, and people were moving toward a more city-focused lifestyle, with shops and shop-signs, markets and goods, and even guilds for learning new trades. Life was certainly very different than it had been in the Early Middle Ages.
Late Middle Ages
Looking at the High Middle Ages (1000-1300) in comparison to the Late Middle Ages (1300-1500), it’s easy to think of the High Middle Ages as being the best period of medieval history. Education was thriving, people were making advances in technology, and despite the ups and downs of royals taking the throne and making decisions (good or bad), things were certainly moving forward.
The Late Middle Ages saw everything grind to a long halt. We’ll talk about the many issues the people of this period faced, including famine, plague, crusades and wars over who should truly rule countries, but it’s always good to keep in mind that every period of history has its positives and negatives, and despite the challenges the people of the Late Middle Ages faced, the end result was a movement toward new thinking and the beginning of a period known as the Renaissance-the turning point of European history.
Important events during the Late Middle Ages
The Climate became colder
Less suitable farmland
Crowded towns and cities
100 years wars between England and France
The Black Death (Bubonic plague)
Language changed, became more modern
Gutenberg press; printing
People began to realize that a lot of learning and development was necessary; things like medicine, education and art improved
The Elizabethan Era took place from 1558 to 1603 and is considered by many historians to be the golden age in English History. During this era England experienced peace and prosperity while the arts flourished. The time period is named after Queen Elizabeth I who ruled England during this time.
Elizabethan Costumes by Albert Kretschmer
English Renaissance Theatre
William Shakespeare
The Elizabethan Era is perhaps most famous for its theatre and the works of William Shakespeare. English Renaissance theatre began with the opening of "The Red Lion" theatre in 1567. Many more permanent theatres opened in London over the next several years including the Curtain Theatre in 1577 and the famous Globe Theatre in 1599.
The period produced some of the world's great playwrights including Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare. Today Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer of the English language. Popular genres of theatre included the history play, the tragedy, and the comedy.
Navigation and Exploration
The Spanish Armada
The Elizabethan Era saw the rise of the English navy with the defeat of the Spanish Armada in
1588. It also saw many improvements in navigation which were highlighted when Sir Francis Drake successfully circumnavigated the globe. Other famous English explorers included Sir Walter Raleigh who established the Virginia Colony and Sir Humphrey Gilbert who discovered Newfoundland.
Clothing and Fashion
Clothing & Fashion
Clothing and fashion played an important role among nobles and the wealthy during this period. There were actually laws that said who could wear what types of clothes.
For example, only members of the royal family could wear clothing trimmed with ermine fur. The nobles wore very fancy clothes made from silk and velvet. They used bright colors and had large ruffles on their wrists and collars.
Government
Elizabeth I
The government in England during this era was complicated and was made up of three different bodies: the monarch, the Privy Council, and the Parliament.The monarch was Queen Elizabeth. She was very powerful and determined most of the laws of the land, but she did have to get approval from Parliament to implement taxes. The Privy Council was made up of the queen's closest advisors. They would make recommendations and give her advice. When Elizabeth first became queen there were 50 members of the Privy Council. She reduced this over time until there were only 11 members by 1597.Parliament had two groups. One group was called the House of Lords and was made up of nobles and high ranking church officials such as bishops. The other group was the House of Commons which was made up of commoners.
Interesting Facts about the Elizabethan Era
Queen Elizabeth was a Protestant and was constantly in danger of being assassinated by Catholics who wanted to replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
Coaches (a horse and a cart) became a very popular mode of transportation in England with the wealthy and nobles during this time.
Queen Elizabeth never married nor had children. She said she was married to her country.
English poetry flourished including the sonnet. Famous poets included Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare
Victorian Era England: Industrial Revolution, Society, Income & Economy - 1837 - 1901
The Victorian era within England marked a huge time for a change. Really, this was a global change that took place in many other countries as well. However, the Industrial Revolution was certainly a large part of England within the Victorian era (named after Queen Victoria).
The workforce was probably what was primarily changed during the Victorian times. From pre-industrial revolution where skilled workers created their own wealth to large factories that were extremely common. Victorian Child Labor was the norm in the 1800’s. There was no such thing as Child Protective services like we have today. Prior to the industrial revolution many people worked their own farms, some created by hand many items that we commonly see mass produced today.
Afterward, large factories were using machinery in place of people. This allowed for much more work to be completed in a shorter period of time, but these skilled workers either worked the machinery or were thrown to the wayside to find other jobs.
Another part of the problem was the rapid growth in population. England experienced a huge increase in population, almost double within a short fifty-year time span.
The size of England went from about 18 million to roughly 30 million people. Not only were all of these people coming into the country, but good portions were going to the same areas.
Overall, however, the country was really seeing much more income in general. The vast majority of it was going to a small group who were becoming extremely wealthy. The downside is that many did not see such wealth because it was never passed down to the average workers. Still, England primarily views this as a time of prosperity despite the fact that the industrial revolution caused some growing pains within capitalism.
De onderstaande antwoorden moet je zelf nakijken; vergelijk jouw antwoorden met de goede
antwoorden, en geef aan in welke mate jouw antwoorden correct zijn.
Your teachers were very enthousiastic about this trip. They found a flight to your city and a hotel to stay at. So that's something you don't have to worry about anymore!
However your teachers have three requests:
They want you to tell them something about the history of the city during your presentation and choose a place to visit something with historical value.
They want you to to tell them something about the time period of your chosen destination and provide a brief hand-out with this information (written by yourself, not from the internet!).
They want you to include atleast 2 historical activities during the trip. So have a look if there are any churches, historical buildings etc. that you could visit. Museums are alright too!
Add at least the following slides to your powerpoint today, remember you're always allowed to do more, not less!
1. A slide with historical information about your city.
2. One slide for each historical activity with a short summary of what you'll do during the trip.
Lesson 3: School and Supper
A day at school
Schools Children in the United kingdom go to primary school when they are between 5 and 11 years old. After that they go to secondary school till they are 16 years old. Then they do their exams. Some students continue to go to school till they are 18 years old and take advanced level exams. At most schools students wear a uniform. Students have lessons in the morning and then a break of an hour for lunch, they call these school dinners.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Look at picture 1, the students are wearing school uniforms.
- Would you’ve liked to wear a uniform? Why (not)?
- What could be an upside (voordeel) of wearing a uniform? What could be a downside (nadeel)?
Look at picture 2, the students are eating a school dinner.
- Is this what lunch used to be like at your school?
- Would you’ve liked your lunch to have been like this? Why (not)?
Discuss your answers in your group. Try to speak English only.
Typically British food
Read the discription of these typical British dishes. When you're done reading see if you can combine the pictures with the right dishes!
The traditional English breakfast includes bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms, fried bread or buttered toast, sausages, black pudding and baked beans.
Fish and chips is a hot dish of British origin consisting of fried battered fish and chips. It is a common take-away food.
Yorkshire pudding is a common English side dish consisting of a baked pudding made from batter consisting of eggs, flour, and milk or water. It's often filled with meat and served with a lot of gravy.
The Sunday roast is a traditional British main meal that is typically served on Sunday. consisting of roasted meat, roast potato, and accompaniments such as Yorkshire pudding, vegetables and gravy.
Toad in the hole or Sausage Toad is a traditional English and Scottish dish consisting of sausages in Yorkshire pudding batter, usually served with onion gravy and vegetables.
Haggis is a meat dish made from sheep-heart, lung and liver, grinded with animal fat (lard), onion, oatmeal, pepper, salt, herbs and broth. It's traditionally served in a sheep's stomach.
India was once a colony of the United Kingdom. That's why the UK has a large Indian population. Therefor Chicken Tikka Masala may not sound very British. It is actually a typical British dish!
Trifle is a dessert made with fruit, a thin layer of lady fingers soaked in sherry and custard. It can be topped with whipped cream.
Your teacher has told you about the schools in the UK they sound very different from the schools in the Netherlands. It would be nice if you could visit a school nearby and meet some students. To see if they're really that different!
Your English teacher has also told you about English food and pubs. You're classmates were really curious about the British cuisine and has asked you if you could have a typical British meal and visit a real pub during the trip. You should look into that! Find a pub and/or restaurant in your city and find out what kind of food they serve.
Add at least the following slides to your powerpoint today, remember you're always allowed to do more, not less!
1. A slide with information about a school nearby/in your city. Include the follwing information:
What kind of level is the school: primary, secondary, tertiary?
Is it a state or a private school?
Do the students wear a uniform at this school?
2. A slide with information about the pub, how old is, where is it located etc.
3. A slide with a few items from the menu, what could we eat there?
Lesson 4: Nature and Culture
Landscape
About 5,000 years ago, the center of the United Kingdom was covered with thick forests. Thousands of years ago, these woodlands were cleared by ancient farmers, and today only about 10 percent of the land is forest.
The United Kingdom's complex geology gives rise to a wide variety of landscapes and a range of habitats for its animal and plant life. But it is a very crowded country, and there are not many truly wild places left. The most successful wildlife species are those that can live alongside people.
Great Britain's rugged mountains, like the Scottish Highlands, offer habitat that is relatively untouched by humans. The country's 7,700 miles (12,429 kilometers) of shoreline, ranging from tall cliffs to beaches to marshes, also provide homes for wildlife such as seabirds and seals.
Watch the video, discuss in your group the following statements:
- The nature in Britain is very different from that in the Netherlands.
- The nature in Britain is more beautiful.
- If I'd go to Britain I'd prefer to stay in a city/in the countryside because...
Try to discuss the topics in English, it's good practice!
Rivers and Lakes
The Thames flows through Oxford, Reading, Windsor and London. It ends in the Thames estuary. It used to be heavily polluted. In 1858, the 'Great Stink' caused sittings of Parliament (which is next to the river) to be abandoned, which caused the Victorian London sewerage system to be built.
The Severn flows through Shrewsbury, Worcester, and Gloucester. It ends in the Severn estuary which leads to the Bristol Channel. It is the longest British river. The river's estuary has the second largest tidal range in the world, about 15 metres. This leads to the Severn bore. Several times each year, when conditions are right, a wave forms which travels up the Severn as far as Gloucester. This is big enough to surf along!
Loch Ness is the largest Scottish loch (or lake) by volume. It is part of the Great Glen. Loch Ness is very deep and is famous for the Loch Ness monster or Nessie. This is claimed to be a large animal which lives in the loch.
The Lake District is an area of mountains and lakes in England. It is a National Park. William Wordsworth lived there and wrote poems about the area, which he loved.
Lough Neagh is the largest lake in the British Isles. An Irish legend says that the giant Finn McCool scooped out earth to throw at a rival in Scotland. This formed Lough Neagh, and the earth fell into the Irish Sea and made the Isle of Man.
The Tweed marks part of the border between Scotland and England. It enters the North Sea at Berwick-on-Tweed.
The Tamar marks most of the boundary between Devon and Cornwall. It enters the English Channel at Plymouth Sound. Isambard Kingdom Brunel built a famous bridge over the Tamar in Plymouth to carry his railway to Cornwall.
The Great Ouse and its tributaries drain East Anglia, the flattest part of Britain. At King's Lynn, the Great Ouse enters the Wash and then flows to the North Sea.
The Clyde is the river of Glasgow. It was a famous ship-building area.
The Tyne flows through Newcastle-on-Tyne - another famous ship-building area.
The Trent and its tributaries drain part of the Pennines, the mountainous backbone of England. It flows through Stoke-on-Trent and Nottingham, and enters the Humber at Hull and then flows to the North Sea.
The Shannon is the longest river in Ireland.
The Wye marks part of the border between England and Wales.
The Mersey flows through Manchester and Liverpool. There is a song about the ferry across the Mersey at Liverpool.
It's hard to describe a typical Dutchman. But it might be even harder to describe a typical Brit. Mainly because people in Britain often don't identify much as a Brittisch but much more as Scottish, Welsh, English or Northern Irish. However these trades can be considered rather British:
Stiff upperlip
Having a stiff upperlip means you're in control of your emotions. This quality is strongy admired by the Brits. It means you're strong and in control. It also means that Brits in general will not show a lot of affection in public. Americans for example do this much more and are often considered 'over the top' by the Brits.
Conservatism
Being conservative means you want to keep things as they are and are not fond of change. The Brits are much more conservative than the Dutch for example. Therefor Britain stand out from other countries because they have refused to adapt:
- Driving on the left side of the road.
- Using miles instead of kilometers.
- Financial year starts in April as opposed to January for the rest of Europe.
Politeness
People from other countries often say that the British are very polite. For example British people say: “thank you” or “sorry” more often. Here are other examples of how to be polite in British:
Sports
Brits are very fond of sports. There are a lot of sports that are often played in the UK. For example: Lawn tennis, cricket, football, rugby and golf. Being competitive is considered a very good trait and not on professional levels. Inter school competitions for students are often very active and competitive too!
The national sport of the U.K. is cricket.
Humor
The biggest insult to a Brit is not being told they're dishonest, ugly or stupid. The worst thing you can say to a Brit is that they're not funny. You don't neccesarly need to be cracking jokes all the time but a funny remark is always appreciated. Even in formal situations. A doctor was once asked how patients reacted to being told they had cancer. He said that after the initial shock, their most common reaction was to make a joke out of it.
Your teacher has told you this lesson about the nature in the UK. You and your classmates have decided that you don't want to stay solely in the city. You want to add a nature activity to your trip. There are a lot of national parcs in the UK look into a parc nearby your city and find how much information you can find about this parc. Information about the national parcs can be found here: http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/
Add at least the following slides to your powerpoint today, remember you're always allowed to do more, not less!
1. A slide with information about the Parc you're going to visit.
2. A slide with information about what you're going to do at the Parc.
Final assignment
Final assignment:
1. Make a group of 3 or 4 students.
2.Pick a city in the UK.
3. Prepare a trip to that city for 4 days.
4. Make sure that each day includes at least 2 activities, the following activities are mandatory:
- 2 historical activities.
- A visit to a local school.
- A visit to a local pub.
- A visit to a national park.
5. Make a powerpoint presentation. In which you inform your classmates about the trip, include (atleast) the following slides:
- An introduction slide with your names and the name of the city you've chosen.
- A slide with the reasons you'd like to visit this city.
- A slide with the following information: In which country is this city located.
(England, Wales, Scotland or Northern-Ireland), the size of the city, the population of the city.
- A slide with historical information about your city.
- One slide for each (historical) activity with a short summary of what you'll do during the trip.
- A slide with information about a school nearby/in your city.
- A slide with information about the pub, how old is, where is it located etc.
- A slide with a few items from the menu, what could we eat there?
- A slide with information about the Parc you're going to visit.
- A slide with information about what you're going to do at the Parc.
Het arrangement Kennis van land en samenleving is gemaakt met
Wikiwijs van
Kennisnet. Wikiwijs is hét onderwijsplatform waar je leermiddelen zoekt,
maakt en deelt.
Auteurs
Tessa Smit
Je moet eerst inloggen om feedback aan de auteur te kunnen geven.
Laatst gewijzigd
2021-09-08 09:13:26
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Arrangement
Oefeningen en toetsen
An introduction to Britain
Which is which?
Quiz: Roman period
Quiz Victorian Age & Industrial Revolution
British food
Let's go to the pub
Identity
IMSCC package
Wil je de Launch URL’s niet los kopiëren, maar in één keer downloaden? Download dan de IMSCC package.
Oefeningen en toetsen van dit arrangement kun je ook downloaden als QTI. Dit bestaat uit een ZIP bestand dat
alle
informatie bevat over de specifieke oefening of toets; volgorde van de vragen, afbeeldingen, te behalen
punten,
etc. Omgevingen met een QTI player kunnen QTI afspelen.
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het lesmateriaal kan op verschillende manieren worden geëxporteerd. Meer informatie hierover kun je vinden op
onze Developers Wiki.
Provide the same information from the cards for the Republic of Ireland. Again, mention at least two famous places and three famous attractions or sights per country.
FAST FACTS
CAPITAL: London
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, during this period of recovery, several important ideas on how to keep things in control came up: feudalism, knighthood, and manorialism. Let’s break these down and try to understand what each involved. Feudalism was a system of governing people based on loyalty. This loyalty went upward, almost like a pyramid. The lower classes were loyal to the noble classes, the noble classes to the king, and the king was loyal to the teachings of Christianity.
The High Middle Ages saw many changes: more food, more people, and more trade with other cultures than ever before. New areas of the world were being explored, and great explorers such as Marco Polo were making names for themselves. Europeans were divided into separately-ruled areas that we recognize today, such as Portugal, Spain, France, England, and Italy (along with other nation-states), but there was still warring over lands and territories. Feudalism was becoming a thing of the past, and people were moving toward a more city-focused lifestyle, with shops and shop-signs, markets and goods, and even guilds for learning new trades. Life was certainly very different than it had been in the Early Middle Ages.
The Late Middle Ages saw everything grind to a long halt. We’ll talk about the many issues the people of this period faced, including famine, plague, crusades and wars over who should truly rule countries, but it’s always good to keep in mind that every period of history has its positives and negatives, and despite the challenges the people of the Late Middle Ages faced, the end result was a movement toward new thinking and the beginning of a period known as the Renaissance-the turning point of European history.
Overall, however, the country was really seeing much more income in general. The vast majority of it was going to a small group who were becoming extremely wealthy. The downside is that many did not see such wealth because it was never passed down to the average workers. Still, England primarily views this as a time of prosperity despite the fact that the industrial revolution caused some growing pains within capitalism.
