Past perfect - 1

Forms of Past Perfect
The Past Perfect Tense is formed by using the Past Simple Tense of the verb 'to have' with the participle.

For regular verbs, just add 'ed' to the infinitive.
For irregular verbs, use the participle form.

	Positive	Negative	Question
All pronouns	I had worked	You had not worked	Had she worked?
	We had spoken	He had not spoken	Had they spoken?

Exceptions in spelling when adding 'ed'	Example
after a final e only add d	love - loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel or / as final consonant after a vowel is doubled	admit - admitted travel - travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i	hurry - hurried

Use of Past Perfect
Signal words

already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
If-Sentence type III (If I had talked,...)

The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past, or it expresses that someting did NOT happen in the past, and therefore something else did not, either.