## Section: What is AI?

## Artificial Intelligence

IBM. (n.d.). What is Artificial Intelligence. ibm.com. Retrieved from: https://www.ibm.com/topics/artificial-intelligence

Last, B., & Sprakel, T. (2023). Chatten met Napoleon. Boom.

Paul R. MacPherson Institute for Leadership, innovation and Excellence in Teaching. (2023). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at McMaster University. Retrieved from: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/mcmasterteachgenerativeai/. Licensed under CC BY International 4.0 International License

The University of Queensland Library. (2023). Artificial Intelligence: Digital Essentials. Retrieved from: https://uq.pressbooks.pub/digital-essentials-artificial-intelligence/. Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 International License

## Generative AI (GenAI)

Miao, F., & Holmes, W. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International License

Pasick, A. (2023). Artifical Intelligence Glossary: Neural Networks and Other Terms Explained. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html

Paul R. MacPherson Institute for Leadership, innovation and Excellence in Teaching. (2023). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at McMaster University. Retrieved from: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/mcmasterteachgenerativeai/. Licensed under CC BY International 4.0 International License

The University of Queensland Library. (2023). Artificial Intelligence: Digital Essentials. Retrieved from: https://uq.pressbooks.pub/digital-essentials-artificial-intelligence/. Licensed under CC BY NC 4.0 International License

## Large Language Models (LLM)

EDU Support. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in education. Educational Support and Innovation (ESI). Retrieved from: https://edusupport.rug.nl/2365784080

Pasick, A. (2023). Artifical Intelligence Glossary: Neural Networks and Other Terms Explained. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html

Paul R. MacPherson Institute for Leadership, innovation and Excellence in Teaching. (2023). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at McMaster University. Retrieved from: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/mcmasterteachgenerativeai/. Licensed under CC BY International 4.0 International License

## Machine Learning (ML)

EDU Support. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in education. Educational Support and Innovation (ESI). Retrieved from: https://edusupport.rug.nl/2365784080

Last, B., & Sprakel, T. (2023). Chatten met Napoleon. Boom.

Paul R. MacPherson Institute for Leadership, innovation and Excellence in Teaching. (2023). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning at McMaster University. Retrieved from: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/mcmasterteachgenerativeai/. Licensed under CC BY International 4.0 International License

The University of Queensland Library. (2023). Artificial Intelligence: Digital Essentials. Retrieved from: https://uq.pressbooks.pub/digital-essentials-artificial-intelligence/. Licensed under CC BY NC 4.0 International License

Yasar, K. (2023). Black box AI. TechTarget. Retrieved from: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/black-box-AI

## Neural Networks

Hardesty, L. (2017). Explained: Neural networks. MIT News. Retrieved: https://news.mit.edu/2017/explained-neural-networks-deep-learning-0414

Last, B., & Sprakel, T. (2023). Chatten met Napoleon. Boom.

Pasick, A. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Glossary: Neural Networks and Other Terms Explained. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html

The University of Queensland Library. (2023). Artificial Intelligence: Digital Essentials. Retrieved from: https://uq.pressbooks.pub/digital-essentials-artificial-intelligence/. Licensed under CC BY NC 4.0 International License

## Pre-training & Fine-tuning

Abideen, Z. (2023). Autoregressive Models of Natural Language Processing. Medium. Retrieved from: https://medium.com/@zaiinn440/autoregressive-models-for-natural-language-processing-b95e5f933e1f

Encord. (n.d.) Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT). Encord.com. Retrieved: https://encord.com/glossary/gpt-definition/

Last, B., & Sprakel, T. (2023). Chatten met Napoleon. Boom.

OpenAI. (2022). Aligning language models to follow instructions. Openai.com. Retrieved from: https://openai.com/index/instruction-following/

Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., & Sutskever, I. (2018). Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training. Semantic Scholar. Retrieved from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Improving-Language-Understanding-by-Generative-Radford-Narasimhan/cd18800a0fe0b668a1cc19f2ec95b5003d0a5035

## Transformers & Attention

Abideen, Z. (2023). Attention Is All You Need: The Core Idea of the Transformer. Medium. Retrieved from: https://medium.com/@zaiinn440/attention-is-all-you-need-the-core-idea-of-the-transformer-bbfa9a749937

Last, B., & Sprakel, T. (2023). Chatten met Napoleon. Boom.

Miao, F., & Holmes, W. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386693. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International License

Pasick, A. (2023). Artifical Intelligence Glossary: Neural Networks and Other Terms Explained. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-glossary.html