Firstly, you will have your raw data, this is data which has not been analyzed, cleaned or altered in any way since its creation. This will always be your starting point, even if you are reusing a dataset. The data that you begin with will be considered your raw data. This may include the recordings of interviews, responses to a questionnaire, measurements collected via a device, etc...
If a laboratory extracts the data for you, you can consider the data you receive from the lab your raw data.