## Ancient biotechnology

During the development of human society, the creation of various types of technology played a fundamental role. These could initially be primitive (e.g., simple hunting tools), but were gradually improved and became irreplaceable in most key activities, including food production and maintenance of safe environment. In the period of the Neolithic revolution, the so-called biotechnologies – activities of engineering, using living organisms to create different types of products – emerged. The oldest biotechnologies included the domestication and cultivation of agriculturally important plants (around 10,000 BC in ​​the so-called Fertile Crescent) and later, similarly significant domestication of animals (around 8,000 BC). These basic biotechnologies have enabled humans to purposefully use living organisms to obtain food. In the next period, the process of fermentation was discovered, which made possible the production of fermented drinks (beer, wine), but also to bake bread (in approximately 7,000 BC in China). Eventually, newer technologies were developed, such as breeding of economically important crops and animals (5,000 BC) or the use of natural antibiotics (500 BC in China) and insecticides (100 BC in China).