-ing clauses

You can use an -ing clause in the following situations:

- When two things happen at the same time

Isabelle is in the kitchen making coffee = she is in the kitchen while making coffee

 

- When one action happens during another action. We use -ing for the longer action

Joe hurt his knee during football.

 

- When one action happens before another action. We then use having (done) for the first action

Having finished her work, she went home.

 

- To explain something, or to say why somebody does something

Feeling tired, I went to bed early = because I felt tired