With regular verbs you make the past participle by adding '-ed' behind the verb.
As with the past simple, the -y sometimes changes to an -ie and the last consonant is sometimes doubled.
Examples:
Present tense |
Past tense |
past participle |
| to play | played | played |
| to live | lived | lived |
| to own | owned | owned |
| to work | worked | worked |
| to cry | cried | cried |
| to prefer | preferred | preferred |
The irregular verbs have their own form that you have to memorize.
Examples:
Present tense |
Past tense |
past participle |
| to be | was/were | been |
| to beat | beat | beaten |
| to become | became | become |
| to begin | began | begun |
| to bend | bent | bent |
| to bet | bet | bet |
| to bind | bound | bound |
| to bite | bit | bitten |
| to blow | blew | blown |
| to break | broke | broken |
| to bring | brought | brought |
| to build | built | built |
| to buy | bought | bought |
| to burn | burnt | burnt |
| to burst | burst | burst |
| to catch | caught | caught |
| to choose | chose | chosen |
| to come | came | come |
| to cost | cost | cost |
| to creep | crept | crept |
| to cut | cut | cut |
| to deal | dealt | dealt |
| to dig | dug | dug |
| to do | did | done |
| to draw | drew | drawn |
| to dream | dreamt | dreamt |
| to drink | drank | drunk |
| to drive | drove | driven |
| to eat | ate | eaten |
| to fall | fell | fallen |
| to feed | fed | fed |
| to feel | felt | felt |
| to fight | fought | fought |
| to find | found | found |
| to flee | fled | fled |
| to fly | flew | flown |
| to forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| to forget | forgot | forgotten |
| to get | got | got |
| to give | gave | given |
| to go | went | gone |
| to grow | grew | given |
| to hang | hung | hung |
| to have | had | had |
| to hear | heard | heard |
| to hide | hid | hidden |
| to hit | hit | hit |
| to hold | held | held |
| to hurt | hurt | hurt |
| to keep | kept | kept |
| to know | knew | known |
| to lay | laid | laid |
| to lead | led | led |
| to leave | left | left |
| to lend | lent | lent |
| to let | let | let |
| to lie | lay | lay |
| to lose | lost | lost |
| to make | made | made |
| to mean | meant | meant |
| to meet | met | met |
| to pay | paid | paid |
| to put | put | put |
| to read | read | read |
| to ride | rode | ridden |
| to ring | rang | rung |
| to rise | rose | risen |
| to run | ran | run |
| to say | said | said |
| to see | saw | seen |
| to seek | sought | sought |
| to sell | sold | sold |
| to send | sent | sent |
| to set | set | set |
| to shake | shook | shaken |
| to shine | shone | shone |
| to shoot | shot | shot |
| to show | showed | shown |
| to shut | shut | shut |
| to sing | sang | sung |
| to sink | sank | sunk |
| to sit | sat | sat |
| to sleep | slept | slept |
| to smell | smelt | smelt |
| to speak | spoke | spoken |
| to spend | spent | spent |
| to spoil | spoilt | spoilt |
| to spread | spread | spread |
| to stand | stood | stood |
| to steal | stole | stolen |
| to stink | stank | stunk |
| to strike | struck | struck |
| to swear | swore | sworn |
| to sweep | swept | swept |
| to swim | swam | swum |
| to take | took | taken |
| to teach | taught | taught |
| to tear | tore | torn |
| to tell | told | told |
| to think | thought | thought |
| to throw | threw | thrown |
| to understand | understood | understood |
| to wake | woke | woken |
| to wear | wore | worn |
| to win | won | won |
| to write | wrote | written |
On the internet you can find various lists of irregular verbs.