A research report is a report, so it contains a number of standard report components (below in black) and in the middle a number of components that are specific for reporting research (below in green):
Title, author (on a separate Title page for longer documents)
Summary (or Abstract),
Keywords (depending on the template)
Table of contents (for longer documents),
Glossary (optional, for difficult unknown terms)
Introduction,
Background,
Methods,
Results
Discussion, often combined with Conclusions
Conclusions,
References,
Appendices (optional)
Since this is research, there is also a relationship with the research cycle:
Asking questions - Introduction
Collecting data, analysing data - Methods and Results