## 5.3 : APA guidelines

There are several source citations systems that can be used. Green higher professional education generally uses the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA): http://www.apastyle.org/. APA source citation style requires in-text source references that state the author and date. At the end of the text is a list of sources with detailed descriptions (references) of all the sources cited in the text.

Note: Source lists are always arranged alphabetically, regardless of the source or the material.

How can a quote or a paraphrase be referenced in a text?
A quote is always enclosed in quotation marks, either single or double depending on the regional style, the author(s), year or date and, if applicable, the page number is listed in between brackets.
A paraphrase is never enclosed in quotation marks, author(s) and the year or date are cited between brackets. Citing a page number is not mandatory but is allowed.
Except when between brackets, the reference to the source may also be included in the sentence.

How is a list of sources drawn up?
The list of sources is inserted at the end of the text as a new chapter, for the attachments. The list is alphabetical, regardless of the origin of the document. Therefore it does not consist of separate sections of books, articles, websites, etc.
The purpose of this list is to help the reader find the document that has been consulted.

What does not get included in a list of sources?
A list of sources only includes references that can be consulted by the reader. Therefore, items such as interviews, e-mails, personal interviews, classes, workshops, etc. are not stated. These can however be referred to in the text. According to APA style guidelines, the title, ISBN or ISSN is never cited.

#### 5.3.1 : APA in practice

Detailed information on APA guidelines can be found in the Library guide APA guidelines or consult the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association.
A series of videos from Project APA7 explain different parts of referencing.