2 M/H/V Engels

2 M/H/V Engels

Studiewijzer

Grammar

Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjective

Adjectives are used to tell us something about a noun.

The blue car

The beautiful dog, the dog is beautiful

 

Adverb

Adverbs are used to tell us something about Verbs, Adjectives, other Adverbs or the whole sentence.

Form: adjective+ly (exceptions: good-well, hard-hard, fast-fast)

Verb:                                     He sings beautifully

Adjectives:                             The extremely beautiful dog

Adverbs:                                He sings extremely beautifully

Whole sentence:                     Hopefully, we will be on time today      

 

Be careful! after the verbs Taste, Feel, Sound, Seem or See no +ly

The soup tastes good

 

Adjectives

Adverbs

Singular - Plural

Singular – Plural

Standard:            +s                                                                    One Dog – Two Dogs

Words ending in: -s, -x, -ch          +es                                          One Fox – Two Foxes

Words ending in: -f, -fe                +ves                                         One Shelf – Two Shelves

Words ending in: -y                     - vowel + y: +s                          One boy – Two Boys

                                                - consonant + y: +ies                   One baby – Two Babies

Word Order

Word Order:

 

(Time) - Subject - all Verbs - Direct Object/Indirect Object - Place - Time

 

(Yesterday) John was throwing the ball to Luke in the garden yesterday

Possession

Possessives are used to show something belongs to somebody or something.

Peter’s dog

The children’s toys

The boys’ toys (remember: if a words ends in a S, plural, only use: ‘)

Pronouns

Personal Pronoun – Persoonlijk Voornaamwoord     

(I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, them)

I love books                    He is talking to me                  

He eats apples                We certainly love them

 

Possessive Pronoun – Bezittelijk Voornaamwoord

(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)

This is my book

He eats his apple

 

Reflexing Pronoun

You use a reflexing pronoun when we refer back to the subject (person or thing)

Myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves

I swear I did everything myself

 

Demonstrative Pronoun

This, That, Those, These

 

Close by

Far off

Singular

This

That

Plural

These

Those

 

Indefinite Pronoun

An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:

all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone

I don’t know everything

I have some apples / I don't have any apples

 

Interrogative Pronoun

We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun represents the thing that we don't know (what we are asking the question about).

There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which

 

subject

object

person

who

whom

thing

what

person/thing

which

 

Which do you like best? aplles or pears?

Who are you talking to?

Articles

Definite /Indefinite Article

Definite: the

Indefinite: a / an                         -a                          when a word begins with a vowel-sound (a, o, u, i, e )

                                                 -an                         when a word begins with a consonant-sound (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k ect.

 

An Apple,  An hour          -              A book,  A uniform

Grammar - Tenses

Present Simple

The Present Simple

Use: you use the present simple for facts and habits.

Form: verb / verb+s

Signal words: never, always, usually, often, frequently, every week, daily etc.

Questions with Do/Does

Negatives with Don't/Doesn't

 

I always walk to school                      Do I always walk to school?                     I don't always walk to school.

She often eats some chocolate           Does she often eat some chocolate?         She doesn't often eat some chocolate.

 

 

 

The Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Continuous

Use: The present continuous is used when something is going on right now. Words that are often associated with the present continuous are: now, right now, at the moment, look! etc.

 

Form:  Am/Is/Are + Verb-ing

 

I am walking right now                  Q: Am I walking right now?         N: I am not walking right now

Remember! When a verb ends with an –e, drop it when you add –ing:

I cycle – I am cycling

The Present Continuous

Past Simple

Past Simple – verleden tijd

 

Use: when something happened in the past and is finished.

 

Form:  Verb+ed / Irregular

 

Questions with Did                         Negations with Didn’t

He walked home                             Q: Did he walk home                      N: He didn’t walk home

He ran a lot                                     Q: Did he run a lot                        N: He didn’t run a lot

the Past Simple

the Past Simple spelling rules

Past Continuous

Past Continuous

 

Use: when something was going on for a while in the past. It is important that it took a while, or was going on when something else happened.

Form: Was/Were + Verb-ing

 

I was walking when I saw the deer.                      Q: Was I walking when I saw the deer ?      

                                                                           N: I was not (wasn’t) walking when i saw the deer.

Remember! When a verb ends with a –e, drop it when you add –ing:

I cycle – I was cycling

the Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Prefect – voltooid tegenwoordige tijd

 

Use: when something has happened in the past but it is not important when. Or when something started in the past and is still going on. Words often associated with the present Prefect are: Never, for, since, (not) yet, already, ever etc.

 

Form: Have/Has + voltooid deelwoord/past participle

I have walked a lot                          Q: Have I walked a lot?                 N: I haven’t walked a lot

He has eaten a lot                            Q: Has he eaten a lot?                   N: He hasn’t eaten a lot

the Present Perfect part 1

the present Perfect part 2

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple part 1

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple part 2

The Future

The Future

 

Will/Shall

When we give information about the future or predict future events that are not certain we usually use shall/will.

For example:- Q) Who do you think will win the election?" A) "I'm not sure but I think the current party will win."

We can also use shall/will to make promises for the future.

When leaving work I would say - "Goodnight, I'll (I will) see you tomorrow."

Shall/Will is often used when we just decide to do something.

For example:- The phone is ringing - If I decide to answer the phone I would say - "I'll (I will) get it."

It can also be used in formal situations to express planned events and is preferred in formal written English.

For example:- The party will start at 10.00pm. -

 

To Be Going to

We say something is going to happen when it has already been planned.

For example:- Q) Are you going to fly to Germansy? A) No, we're going to drive.

We also use it to show something has already been decided.

For example:- "We're going to buy a new car next year."

We also use going to when we can see something is about to happen.

For example:- "Look at that cloud. I think it's going to rain."   and  "Watch out! He's going to crash into that tree!"

 

Present Simple

When something is arranged according to a fixed schedule we use the Present Simple to talk about the future.

For example: -"The plane lands at six o'clock."

 

Present Continuous

When you plan to do something in the near future (in a couple of days) you can use the Present Continuous.

for example: -"We are meeting him this afternoon."

Reading

Reading exercises eindexamensite.nl

Text Exercises - eindexamensite.nl
On this site you can practice your reading skills. You can also check your answers when you're finished

Extra Reading: Do the exams from BB and KB

Extra Reading
Do the exams from BB and KB

Writing

Websites

Explanations and Exercises

Explanations and Exercises 2

Explanations and Exercises 3

Exercises